a ganglioside GT1b (d18:1(4E))

Three steps

• a ganglioside GD1cReach from here →
  1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GT1b)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. a ganglioside GM1b + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GD1c + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleus

• an N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->8)-N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GT1b)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. a ganglioside GM4 (d18:1(4E)) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = an N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->8)-N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleus

• N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->8)-N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-ceramideReach from here →
  1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GT1b)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-ceramide + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->8)-N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-ceramide + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleus

• a ganglioside GQ1bReach from here →
  1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GT1b)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. a ganglioside GT1b + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GQ1b + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleus

• 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GT1b)
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. pyruvate:thiamin diphosphate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix