kynurenate

Three steps

• O-octadecanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. (R)-carnitine + octadecanoyl-CoA = O-octadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, CPT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• O-eicosanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-eicosanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, CPT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• O-(9Z)-octadecenoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. (R)-carnitine + (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA = O-(9Z)-octadecenoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, CPT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• O-4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. 4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, CPT2, CRAT and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• O-hexanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. hexanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-hexanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, CRATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• O-3-oxobutanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. acetoacetyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-3-oxobutanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, CRATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 16alpha-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  2. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 16alpha-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A24, SLC22A8, CYP3A7inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane