pectin

• Galectin-3 expression in liver metastases

  no effect

  Except for the negative control group, the expression of galectin-3 in liver metastases of the other 4 groups showed no significant difference

  PMID:19109874 · one of two readings recorded this

• Median volume of implanted spleen tumor

  decreases, n = 60

  Except for the negative group, the median volume of implanted spleen tumor in the other 4 groups was 1.51 cm(3), 0.93 cm(3), 0.77 cm(3) and 0.70 cm(3), respectively

  PMID:19109874 · one of two readings recorded this

• number of liver metastases and implanted spleen tumour volume in a CT26 colon cancer liver metastasis model in Balb/c mice; serum galectin-3 by ELISA

  decreases, number of liver metastases significantly less in the high MCP concentration group than in the positive control group, p = 0.008

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  The number of liver metastases in high MCP concentration group was significantly less than that in positive control group (P = 0.008).

  PMID:19109874 · one of two readings recorded this

• number of liver metastases and implanted spleen tumour volume in Balb/c mice with CT26 colon cancer given modified citrus pectin 1.0, 2.5 or 5.0% in drinking water versus 0%; serum galectin-3 by ELISA

  decreases, number of liver metastases in the high MCP group significantly less than in the positive control group, P = 0.008, p = 0.008

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  The number of liver metastases in high MCP concentration group was significantly less than that in positive control group (P = 0.008).

  PMID:19109874 · one of two readings recorded this

• Number of liver metastases

  decreases, p = 0.008

  The number of liver metastases in high MCP concentration group was significantly less than that in positive control group (P = 0.008)

  PMID:19109874 · one of two readings recorded this

• Percentage of mice with liver metastasis

  decreases, n = 60

  Except for the negative group, the percentage of liver metastasis in the other 4 groups was 100%, 80%, 73.3% and 60%, respectively

  PMID:19109874 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum galectin-3 concentration, MCP groups versus positive control

  no effect

  However, there was no significant difference between them

  PMID:19109874 · one of two readings recorded this

• Volume of implanted spleen tumor

  decreases, p = 0.003

  The volume of implanted tumor in middle and high MCP concentration groups was significantly smaller than that in positive control group (P = 0.019; P = 0.003)

  PMID:19109874 · one of two readings recorded this

• Volume of implanted spleen tumor

  decreases, p = 0.019

  The volume of implanted tumor in middle and high MCP concentration groups was significantly smaller than that in positive control group (P = 0.019; P = 0.003)

  PMID:19109874 · one of two readings recorded this

• Blood urea nitrogen

  no effect

  BUN (mM) | 7±1 | 72±17a | 18±2a,c | 62±4a,e | 16±1a,c,f

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Blood urea nitrogen

  no effect

  BUN (mM) | 7±1 | 72±17a | 18±2a,c | 62±4a,e | 16±1a,c,f

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Apoptotic cells

  decreases

  Apoptotic cells (number per fields) | 0.7±0.1 | 2.7±0.6a | 4.3±1.4a,b | 1.8±0.6a,d | 2.8±0.2a,d

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Apoptotic cells

  no effect

  Apoptotic cells (number per fields) | 0.7±0.1 | 2.7±0.6a | 4.3±1.4a,b | 1.8±0.6a,d | 2.8±0.2a,d

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Body weight

  no effect

  Body weight (g) | 23.8±0.4 | 21.6±0.4a | 23.1±0.9 | 23.6±0.7d | 22.4±2.0

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Body weight

  increases

  Body weight (g) | 23.8±0.4 | 21.6±0.4a | 23.1±0.9 | 23.6±0.7d | 22.4±2.0

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Collagen I area

  decreases

  Collagen I area (%) | 0.5±0.1 | 2.5±0.7a | 1.3±0.2a | 2.3±0.4a | 0.5±0.1b,e,f

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Collagen I area

  no effect

  Collagen I area (%) | 0.5±0.1 | 2.5±0.7a | 1.3±0.2a | 2.3±0.4a | 0.5±0.1b,e,f

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Collagen III area

  no effect

  Collagen III area (%) | 1.2±0.1 | 3.0±0.3a | 2.6±0.3a | 2.2±0.2a | 2.2±0.3b

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Collagen III area

  no effect

  Collagen III area (%) | 1.2±0.1 | 3.0±0.3a | 2.6±0.3a | 2.2±0.2a | 2.2±0.3b

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Galectin-3 positive interstitial cells per field

  decreases, p = 0.01

  (13.6±1.2 versus 23.8±3.1 positive interstitial cells/field respectively, p<0.01)

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Interstitial neutrophils per field

  no effect

  numbers of neutrophils in the interstitium (9.6±2.5 and 7.3±1.4 cells/field in FA-animals drinking normal and MCP water respectively) were unchanged

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Kidney/body weight ratio

  no effect

  Kidney/body weight (x100) | 0.55±0.03 | 0.87±0.04a | 0.50±0.02c | 0.69±0.05b,d,e | 0.52±0.03c,f

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Kidney/body weight ratio

  decreases

  Kidney/body weight (x100) | 0.55±0.03 | 0.87±0.04a | 0.50±0.02c | 0.69±0.05b,d,e | 0.52±0.03c,f

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Kidney weight

  no effect

  Kidney weight (g) | 0.13±0.01 | 0.19±0.01a | 0.12±0.01c | 0.16±0.01a,d,e | 0.11±0.01c,f

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Kidney weight

  decreases

  Kidney weight (g) | 0.13±0.01 | 0.19±0.01a | 0.12±0.01c | 0.16±0.01a,d,e | 0.11±0.01c,f

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Macrophage area (F4/80)

  decreases

  Macrophage area (%) | 0.4±0.1 | 0.2±0.1a | 6.5±1.0b | 0.3±0.1d | 3.8±0.5a,b,e,f

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Macrophage area (F4/80)

  no effect

  Macrophage area (%) | 0.4±0.1 | 0.2±0.1a | 6.5±1.0b | 0.3±0.1d | 3.8±0.5a,b,e,f

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• PCNA positive cells two days after FA

  decreases, p = 0.05

  Kidneys from FA animals provided with MCP in the drinking water had significantly decreased numbers of PCNA positive cells (F, p<0.05)

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Proliferating cells

  no effect

  Proliferating cells (number per field) | 0.9±0.3 | 17.9±3.3a | 3.8±0.4a,b | 7.2±2.8a,c | 5.1±1.3a,b

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Proliferating cells

  decreases

  Proliferating cells (number per field) | 0.9±0.3 | 17.9±3.3a | 3.8±0.4a,b | 7.2±2.8a,c | 5.1±1.3a,b

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Renal alpha-SMA mRNA

  decreases, p = 0.01

  MCP caused significant attenuation of the increases for most of these fibrotic markers (α-SMA p<0.01; collagen I, fibronectin and TGFβ1 p<0.05)

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Renal collagen I, fibronectin and TGFβ1 mRNA

  decreases, p = 0.05

  MCP caused significant attenuation of the increases for most of these fibrotic markers (α-SMA p<0.01; collagen I, fibronectin and TGFβ1 p<0.05)

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Renal collagen III mRNA

  no effect, p = 0.18

  but again did not alter collagen III (p = 0.18)

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Renal galectin-1 and galectin-9 mRNA

  no effect

  Both galectin-1 and galectin-9 mRNA levels were upregulated in FA animals compared to sham controls in both the acute and recovery phases, but these increases were not significantly altered by MCP

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Renal galectin-3 mRNA

  decreases

  Administration of MCP (Group III) did not significantly alter galectin-3 mRNA levels at 2 days but there was a statistically significant reduction at day 14

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Renal galectin-3 mRNA

  no effect

  Administration of MCP (Group III) did not significantly alter galectin-3 mRNA levels at 2 days but there was a statistically significant reduction at day 14

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Renal IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA

  decreases, p = 0.05

  MCP led to significantly decreased levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, p<0.05)

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Renal MCP-1 and IL-6 mRNA

  no effect

  MCP-1 and IL-6 were both lower but this did not reach statistical significance

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum creatinine and BUN at day 14 after folic acid

  marginally higher with water than MCP water, not statistically significant

  Not recorded as a finding: only sentence is agentless, joins creatinine and BUN, and reports a marginal difference that is not significant, with no two-sided statement.

  Levels were marginally higher in those drinking normal rather than MCP-supplemented water, but this was not statistically significant (Table 1).

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum creatinine fold elevation versus sham at day 14

  increases

  creatinine elevated 1.7–1.9 fold; BUN up 2.1–2.3x

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum creatinine

  no effect

  Serum creatinine (µM) | 22±1 | 147±15 a | 40±1a,c | 157±8a,e | 37±2a,c,f

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum creatinine

  no effect

  Serum creatinine (µM) | 22±1 | 147±15 a | 40±1a,c | 157±8a,e | 37±2a,c,f

  PMID:21494626 · one of two readings recorded this

• BMDC CCR1 expression

  decreases

  Conversely, the expression of CCR1, which is reduced during DC maturation, was downregulated by RG-II treatment or LPS stimulation

  PMID:23392255 · one of two readings recorded this

• BMDC CCR7 expression

  increases

  Similar to the increased CCR7 expression observed in LPS-treated BMDCs, RG-II induced the upregulation of CCR7 expression in BMDCs

  PMID:23392255 · one of two readings recorded this

• BMDC CD40 expression

  increases

  RG-II also significantly enhanced CD40 expression

  PMID:23392255 · one of two readings recorded this

• BMDC CD86, MHC class I and MHC class II expression

  increases

  Flow cytometric analysis of MHC class and co-stimulatory molecule expression showed that a strong increase in the expression of CD86, MHC class I and MHC class II was induced by RG-II

  PMID:23392255 · one of two readings recorded this

• BMDC ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation

  increases

  The results showed that the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK was significantly induced by RG-II stimulation

  PMID:23392255 · one of two readings recorded this

• BMDC secretion of IL-10

  no effect

  RG-II enhanced the secretion of IL-12p70, IL-1β and TNF-α in BMDCs in a dose-dependent fashion, whereas RG-II had little effect on IL-10 production

  PMID:23392255 · one of two readings recorded this

• BMDC secretion of IL-12p70, IL-1β and TNF-α

  increases

  RG-II enhanced the secretion of IL-12p70, IL-1β and TNF-α in BMDCs in a dose-dependent fashion, whereas RG-II had little effect on IL-10 production

  PMID:23392255 · one of two readings recorded this

• CD86 and MHC class II upregulation in TLR4 knockout BMDCs

  no effect

  We observed that RG-II was able to induce upregulation of the maturation markers, CD86 and MHC class II, in BMDCs from wild-type (WT) and TLR2 knockout (KO) mice, but not in TLR4 KO mice

  PMID:23392255 · one of two readings recorded this

• Cell death of BMDCs (Annexin V and propidium iodide)

  no effect

  Flow cytometric analysis using Annexin V and propidium iodide staining showed no marked change in the percentage of dead cells until a concentration of 1 mg ml−1 RG-II was reached

  PMID:23392255 · one of two readings recorded this

• CTL response against EG7 cells

  increases

  Immunization of mice with OVA and RG-II-loaded BMDCs induced a strong CTL response against EG7 cells compared with mice immunized with OVA-pulsed BMDCs but not against the parental EL4 cells, as expected

  PMID:23392255 · one of two readings recorded this

• EG7 lymphoma tumour growth and survival in mice vaccinated with OVA-pulsed BMDCs plus RG-II, tumour volume from caliper axes

  decreases, significantly slowed tumour growth at day 42, P<0.01, p = 0.01

  Not recorded as a finding: no tumour-growth node; the intervention is RG-II-treated dendritic cells given with OVA antigen, not RG-II alone, so the comparator is not absence of the compound.

  Figure 8b shows that immunized group with OVA/RG-II-pulsed BMDCs had significantly slowed tumor growth at day 42 (P<0.01) compared with the tumor growth pattern of others.

  PMID:23392255 · one of two readings recorded this

• EG7 tumor growth

  decreases, p = 0.01

  Figure 8b shows that immunized group with OVA/RG-II-pulsed BMDCs had significantly slowed tumor growth at day 42 (P<0.01) compared with the tumor growth pattern of others

  PMID:23392255 · one of two readings recorded this

• IFN-γ production by OVA-stimulated OT-1 T cells

  increases

  the combination OVA/RG-II-stimulated CTLs produced twofold higher IFN-γ than OVA-stimulated OT-1 T cells

  PMID:23392255 · one of two readings recorded this

• JNK, ERK and p38 MAPK phosphorylation in TLR4 knockout BMDCs

  increases

  RG-II triggered the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK and p38 MAPK in a TLR4-dependent manner

  PMID:23392255 · one of two readings recorded this

• Mice culled in control and nonpulsed BMDC groups

  All control mice and mice injected with nonpulsed BMDCs were culled by day 62

  PMID:23392255 · one of two readings recorded this

• Mice culled in OVA-alone BMDC group

  Three of the five mice injected with BMDCs pulsed with OVA alone without RG-II stimulation were culled by day 52

  PMID:23392255 · one of two readings recorded this

• NF-kB p65 nuclear translocation

  increases

  In addition, nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit was observed in the RG-II-treated BMDCs

  PMID:23392255 · one of two readings recorded this

• OVA-specific CD8+ T-cell proliferation

  increases

  Proliferation of transgenic OVA-specific CD8+ T cells co-cultured with OVA/RG-II-stimulated BMDCs was significantly increased compared with OVA-specific CD8+ T cells treated with OVA alone, as revealed by CFSE dilution

  PMID:23392255 · one of two readings recorded this

• RG-II-induced IL-12 secretion in presence of polymyxin B

  increases

  showed that RG-II still stimulates IL-12 expression in the presence of polymyxin B (Supplementary Figure S2)

  PMID:23392255 · one of two readings recorded this

• RG-II-induced IL-12 secretion under CD14 or LBP depletion

  decreases

  In CD14- or LBP-depleted conditions, RG-II-induced secretion of IL-12 was significantly attenuated compared with control antibody-depleted conditions

  PMID:23392255 · one of two readings recorded this

• RG-II-mediated IL-12 secretion in MyD88 or TRIF knockout BMDCs

  decreases

  we found that RG-II-mediated IL-12 secretion is partially impaired in MyD88 or TRIF knockout BMDCs compared with normal BMDCs

  PMID:23392255 · one of two readings recorded this

• Survival to day 65

  increases

  All mice vaccinated with BMDCs pulsed with OVA+RG-II (0.5 mg ml−1) and four of the five mice vaccinated with BMDCs pulsed with OVA+RG-II (1 mg ml−1) survived until day 65

  PMID:23392255 · one of two readings recorded this

• Survival to day 65

  increases

  All mice vaccinated with BMDCs pulsed with OVA+RG-II (0.5 mg ml−1) and four of the five mice vaccinated with BMDCs pulsed with OVA+RG-II (1 mg ml−1) survived until day 65

  PMID:23392255 · one of two readings recorded this

• body weight gain in grams over 2, 4 and 6 weeks in rats fed a high-fat diet with apple pectin versus a fibre-free diet; also liver fat, liver cholesterol, liver triglycerides, and plasma cholesterol measured per time point

  decreases, 239 g vs. 282 g for the fibre-free diet after 6 weeks, p = 0.0036, p = 0.0036

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  Rats given dietary fibre had a lower weight gain than those given a fibre-free diet throughout the experimental period, and pectin had most pronounced effects (62 g vs. 78 g for the fibre-free diet, p = 0.0218 after 2 weeks, 172 g vs. 196 g for the fibre-free diet after 4 weeks, p = 0.0314 and 239 g vs. 282 g for the fibre-free diet after 6 weeks, p = 0.0036).

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Caecal Akkermansia abundance

  decreases, p = 0.005

  The abundance of Akkermansia was higher in the group fed the fibre-free diet when compared with the groups fed pectin or guar gum (p<0.005)

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Caecal Bacteroides abundance

  increases, p = 0.05

  The abundance of Bacteroides was higher in the group fed guar gum than pectin or the fibre-free diet (p<0.05)

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Caecal pool acetic acid

  n = 7

  High | Fibre-free | 64±6a | 17±1a | 13±1a | 7±0.7ab | 114±9a | 0.9±0.1a | 0.6±0.1a

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Caecal pool acetic acid

  n = 7

  Low | Fibre-free | 77±6a | 12±2a | 10±0.7a | 5±0.8a | 90±9a | 0.7±0.1 | 0.4±0.05a

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Caecal pool acetic acid

  increases, n = 7

  Pectin | 146±31ab | 25±5b | 14±3a | 6±0.9a | 191±39ab | 2±0.4ab | 4±2ab

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Caecal pool acetic acid

  increases, n = 7

  Pectin | 198±24c | 30±4bc | 22±2b | 10±0.8b | 260±30b | 1.8±0.4 | 0.9±0.2b

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Caecal pool succinic acid

  increases, n = 7

  Mixture | 192±27b* | 46±8c* | 25±3b | 9±1ab | 272±36b | 3±0.8b | 17±5b*

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Correlation of liver cholesterol with length of experiment

  increases, p = 0.001

  the amount increased with time (correlation factor 0.86, 0.82 and 0.84, respectively, p<0.001)

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Correlation of liver fat with length of experiment

  increases, p = 0.001

  the amount increased with time (correlation factor 0.86, 0.82 and 0.84, respectively, p<0.001)

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Correlation of liver triglycerides with length of experiment

  increases, p = 0.001

  the amount increased with time (correlation factor 0.86, 0.82 and 0.84, respectively, p<0.001)

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Correlation of liver weight with length of experiment

  increases, p = 0.001

  A clear correlation was seen between the length of the experimental time and the liver weights (correlation factor 0.917 and p<0.001)

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Correlation of serum acetic acid with length of experiment

  increases, p = 0.001

  A correlation was found between the length of the experiment and the concentration of acetic and propionic acids (correlation factors 0.49 and 0.42, respectively, p<0.001)

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Correlation of serum propionic acid with length of experiment

  increases, p = 0.001

  A correlation was found between the length of the experiment and the concentration of acetic and propionic acids (correlation factors 0.49 and 0.42, respectively, p<0.001)

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver cholesterol amount

  n = 7

  High | Fibre-free | 1.59±0.1a*** | 422±26a*** | 503±52a*** | 4.0±0.2a***

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver cholesterol amount

  n = 7

  Low | Fibre-free | 0.31±0.03a | 79±3a | 168±19a | 2.9±0.1

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver cholesterol amount

  decreases, n = 7

  Guar gum | 1.10±0.1b*** | 327±26b*** | 296±25b*** | 3.4±0.1b**

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver cholesterol amount

  n = 7

  Guar gum | 0.24±0.01ab | 65±3ab | 112±5b | 2.8±0.07

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver cholesterol amount

  decreases, n = 7

  Mixture | 0.90±0.02b*** | 293±17b*** | 282±14b*** | 3.8±0.1ab***

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver cholesterol amount

  decreases, n = 7

  Mixture | 0.23±0.01b | 63±1b | 106±2b | 2.7±0.08

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver cholesterol amount

  decreases, n = 7

  Pectin | 0.86±0.05b*** | 252±13b*** | 204±12b** | 3.3±0.1b

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver cholesterol amount

  n = 7

  Pectin | 0.23±0.02b | 65±6ab | 128±10ab | 3.0±0.1

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver cholesterol reduction with dietary fibre in high-fat diet

  decreases, p = 0.02

  while the amount of cholesterol decreased by 31±3% (p<0.02)

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver fat content

  n = 7

  High | Fibre-free | 1.59±0.1a*** | 422±26a*** | 503±52a*** | 4.0±0.2a***

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver fat content

  n = 7

  Low | Fibre-free | 0.31±0.03a | 79±3a | 168±19a | 2.9±0.1

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver fat content

  decreases, n = 7

  Guar gum | 1.10±0.1b*** | 327±26b*** | 296±25b*** | 3.4±0.1b**

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver fat content

  n = 7

  Guar gum | 0.24±0.01ab | 65±3ab | 112±5b | 2.8±0.07

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver fat content

  decreases, n = 7

  Mixture | 0.90±0.02b*** | 293±17b*** | 282±14b*** | 3.8±0.1ab***

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver fat content

  decreases, n = 7

  Mixture | 0.23±0.01b | 63±1b | 106±2b | 2.7±0.08

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver fat content

  decreases, n = 7

  Pectin | 0.86±0.05b*** | 252±13b*** | 204±12b** | 3.3±0.1b

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver fat content

  decreases, n = 7

  Pectin | 0.23±0.02b | 65±6ab | 128±10ab | 3.0±0.1

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver fat reduction with dietary fibre in high-fat diet

  decreases, p = 0.001

  the addition of dietary fibre resulted in 40±3% lower liver fat (p<0.001)

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver triglyceride amount

  n = 7

  High | Fibre-free | 1.59±0.1a*** | 422±26a*** | 503±52a*** | 4.0±0.2a***

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver triglyceride amount

  n = 7

  Low | Fibre-free | 0.31±0.03a | 79±3a | 168±19a | 2.9±0.1

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver triglyceride amount

  decreases, n = 7

  Guar gum | 1.10±0.1b*** | 327±26b*** | 296±25b*** | 3.4±0.1b**

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver triglyceride amount

  decreases, n = 7

  Guar gum | 0.24±0.01ab | 65±3ab | 112±5b | 2.8±0.07

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver triglyceride amount

  decreases, n = 7

  Mixture | 0.90±0.02b*** | 293±17b*** | 282±14b*** | 3.8±0.1ab***

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver triglyceride amount

  decreases, n = 7

  Mixture | 0.23±0.01b | 63±1b | 106±2b | 2.7±0.08

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver triglyceride amount

  decreases, n = 7

  Pectin | 0.86±0.05b*** | 252±13b*** | 204±12b** | 3.3±0.1b

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver triglyceride amount

  n = 7

  Pectin | 0.23±0.02b | 65±6ab | 128±10ab | 3.0±0.1

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver weight

  n = 7

  High | Fibre-free | 78±4a ** | 1.7±0.1a | 0.7±0.03a | 7.1±0.06 | 10.6±0.4* | 0.64±0.03

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver weight

  n = 7

  Low | Fibre-free | 59±2 | 1.4±0.1a | 0.6±0.02a | 6.9±0.11 | 8.3±0.3 | 0.58±0.04

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver weight

  decreases, n = 7

  Pectin | 62±4b | 2.9±0.4ab | 1.1±0.08b * | 7.0±0.1 | 8.6±0.3 | 0.58±0.03

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver weight

  decreases, p = 0.0437

  17.9 g vs. 15.5 g after 4 weeks [p = 0.0437]

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver weight

  decreases, p = 0.0086

  23.7 g vs. 19.7 g after 6 weeks [p = 0.0086]

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Liver weight

  n = 7

  Pectin | 58±3 | 3.2±0.3b | 0.8±0.04b | 7.0±0.05 | 7.1±0.5 | 0.59±0.2

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Plasma cholesterol

  n = 7

  High | Fibre-free | 1.59±0.1a*** | 422±26a*** | 503±52a*** | 4.0±0.2a***

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Plasma cholesterol

  n = 7

  Low | Fibre-free | 0.31±0.03a | 79±3a | 168±19a | 2.9±0.1

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Plasma cholesterol

  decreases, n = 7

  Guar gum | 1.10±0.1b*** | 327±26b*** | 296±25b*** | 3.4±0.1b**

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Plasma cholesterol

  no effect, n = 7

  Guar gum | 0.24±0.01ab | 65±3ab | 112±5b | 2.8±0.07

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Plasma cholesterol

  n = 7

  Mixture | 0.90±0.02b*** | 293±17b*** | 282±14b*** | 3.8±0.1ab***

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Plasma cholesterol

  no effect, n = 7

  Mixture | 0.23±0.01b | 63±1b | 106±2b | 2.7±0.08

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Plasma cholesterol

  decreases, n = 7

  Pectin | 0.86±0.05b*** | 252±13b*** | 204±12b** | 3.3±0.1b

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Plasma cholesterol

  no effect, n = 7

  Pectin | 0.23±0.02b | 65±6ab | 128±10ab | 3.0±0.1

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum acetic acid

  n = 7

  High | Fibre-free | 648±27a | 53±4a | 27±2 | 94±5 | 823±32a

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum acetic acid

  n = 7

  Low | Fibre-free | 723±46a | 49±7a | 26±4 | 78±2a | 876±59a

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum acetic acid

  n = 7

  Guar gum | 655±22a | 84±9ab | 32±5 | 87±6 | 859±32a

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum acetic acid

  n = 7

  Guar gum | 723±39a | 129±20b | 48±7 | 126±16b | 1026±73a

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum acetic acid

  increases, n = 7

  Mixture | 891±54b | 115±13b | 39±5 | 72±4 | 1116±71b

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum acetic acid

  n = 7

  Mixture | 766±24a | 71±11a | 36±8 | 93±8ab | 982±53a

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum acetic acid

  increases, n = 7

  Pectin | 1033±61b | 82±13ab | 28±3 | 83±11 | 1226±79b

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum acetic acid

  increases, n = 7

  Pectin | 1111±81b | 86±9ab | 45±5 | 94±7ab | 1336±97b

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum butyric acid

  n = 7

  Pectin | 1033±61b | 82±13ab | 28±3 | 83±11 | 1226±79b

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum butyric acid

  n = 7

  Pectin | 1111±81b | 86±9ab | 45±5 | 94±7ab | 1336±97b

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum MCP-1

  p = 0.05

  The fibre-free group fed HFD for 6 weeks had a higher concentration (83.1 ng/L) compared with the fibre groups fed LFD for 2 weeks and guar gum groups fed HFD for 2 and 4 weeks (p<0.05)

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum MCP-1

  The lowest concentration of MCP-1 was seen in the group fed guar gum in LFD (23.5 ng/L)

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum propionic acid

  increases, n = 7

  Guar gum | 723±39a | 129±20b | 48±7 | 126±16b | 1026±73a

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum propionic acid

  n = 7

  Pectin | 1111±81b | 86±9ab | 45±5 | 94±7ab | 1336±97b

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Weight gain

  n = 7

  High | Fibre-free | 78±4a ** | 1.7±0.1a | 0.7±0.03a | 7.1±0.06 | 10.6±0.4* | 0.64±0.03

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Weight gain

  n = 7

  Low | Fibre-free | 59±2 | 1.4±0.1a | 0.6±0.02a | 6.9±0.11 | 8.3±0.3 | 0.58±0.04

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Weight gain

  n = 7

  Guar gum | 73±2 | 4.3±0.6b | 1.1±0.06b | 7.2±0.07 | 9.5±0.3* | 0.58±0.02

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Weight gain

  n = 7

  Guar gum | 61±3 | 3.8±0.3bc | 1.0±0.04c | 7.0±0.08 | 7.6±0.3 | 0.58±0.03

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Weight gain

  n = 7

  Mixture | 68±4 | 4.5±0.5b * | 1.2±0.09b * | 6.9±0.1 | 9.6±0.6*** | 0.61±0.02

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Weight gain

  n = 7

  Mixture | 60±3 | 2.8±0.3b | 0.9±0.04bc | 7.1±0.04 | 7.1±0.1 | 0.59±0.02

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Weight gain

  decreases, n = 7

  Pectin | 62±4b | 2.9±0.4ab | 1.1±0.08b * | 7.0±0.1 | 8.6±0.3 | 0.58±0.03

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Weight gain

  decreases, p = 0.0314

  172 g vs. 196 g for the fibre-free diet after 4 weeks, p = 0.0314

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Weight gain

  decreases, p = 0.0036

  239 g vs. 282 g for the fibre-free diet after 6 weeks, p = 0.0036

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Weight gain

  n = 7

  Pectin | 58±3 | 3.2±0.3b | 0.8±0.04b | 7.0±0.05 | 7.1±0.5 | 0.59±0.2

  PMID:24236183 · one of two readings recorded this

• Body weight gain correlation with dietary pectin amount

  decreases, p = 0.001

  body weight gain correlated negatively with the amount of pectin in the diet in both cohorts (r = -0.688 and -0.752, respectively, both P<0.001)

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Body weight gain correlation with dietary pectin amount

  decreases, p = 0.001

  body weight gain correlated negatively with the amount of pectin in the diet in both cohorts (r = -0.688 and -0.752, respectively, both P<0.001)

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Caecum length

  increases

  Caecum length (mm) | 37.5a ±0.9 | 44.1b ±1.9 | 50.6c ±1.7 | 56.9d ±1.3 | 0.874 *** | 35.9a ±1.1 | 44.4b ±1.5 | 52.8c ±1.9 | 59.4d ±1.7 | 0.902 ***

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Caecum length

  increases

  Caecum length (mm) | 37.5a ±0.9 | 44.1b ±1.9 | 50.6c ±1.7 | 56.9d ±1.3 | 0.874 *** | 35.9a ±1.1 | 44.4b ±1.5 | 52.8c ±1.9 | 59.4d ±1.7 | 0.902 ***

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Caecum mucosa depth

  no effect

  Caecum mucosa depth | 184.3a ±8.3 | 188.6a ±7.7 | 209.6ab ±7.6 | 231.8b ±7.2 | 0.681 *** | 209.5 ±15.1 | 206.4 ±7.9 | 217.8 ±12.4 | 215.8 ±8.2 | 0.115

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Caecum mucosa depth

  increases

  Caecum mucosa depth | 184.3a ±8.3 | 188.6a ±7.7 | 209.6ab ±7.6 | 231.8b ±7.2 | 0.681 *** | 209.5 ±15.1 | 206.4 ±7.9 | 217.8 ±12.4 | 215.8 ±8.2 | 0.115

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Caecum weight

  increases

  Caecum weight (g) | 3.0a ±0.2 | 4.7b ±0.2 | 5.4b ±0.4 | 7.0c ±0.5 | 0.834 *** | 3.5a ±0.2 | 5.4b ±0.3 | 6.8b ±0.5 | 9.3c ±0.6 | 0.876 ***

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Caecum weight

  increases

  Caecum weight (g) | 3.0a ±0.2 | 4.7b ±0.2 | 5.4b ±0.4 | 7.0c ±0.5 | 0.834 *** | 3.5a ±0.2 | 5.4b ±0.3 | 6.8b ±0.5 | 9.3c ±0.6 | 0.876 ***

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Colon length

  no effect

  Colon length (mm) | 157a ±4 | 176ab ±7 | 183ab ±9 | 194b ±8 | 0.561 *** | 166 ±5 | 171 ±2 | 174 ±4 | 174 ±6 | 0.157

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Colon length

  increases

  Colon length (mm) | 157a ±4 | 176ab ±7 | 183ab ±9 | 194b ±8 | 0.561 *** | 166 ±5 | 171 ±2 | 174 ±4 | 174 ±6 | 0.157

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Colon weight

  no effect

  Colon weight (g) | 2.4a ±0.2 | 3.6ab ±0.3 | 4.1b ±0.5 | 4.4b ±0.4 | 0.560 *** | 2.3a ±0.3 | 4.2b ±0.3 | 3.9b ±0.5 | 3.5ab ±0.4 | 0.297

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Colon weight

  increases

  Colon weight (g) | 2.4a ±0.2 | 3.6ab ±0.3 | 4.1b ±0.5 | 4.4b ±0.4 | 0.560 *** | 2.3a ±0.3 | 4.2b ±0.3 | 3.9b ±0.5 | 3.5ab ±0.4 | 0.297

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Distal colon mucosa depth

  no effect

  Distal colon mucosa depth | 215.7 ±6.0 | 221.8 ±21.5 | 236.2 ±21.2 | 230.4 ±14.9 | 0.195 | 224.8 ±6.9 | 238.0 ±11.8 | 252.2 ±16.1 | 251.1 ±11.0 | 0.340

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Distal colon mucosa depth

  no effect

  Distal colon mucosa depth | 215.7 ±6.0 | 221.8 ±21.5 | 236.2 ±21.2 | 230.4 ±14.9 | 0.195 | 224.8 ±6.9 | 238.0 ±11.8 | 252.2 ±16.1 | 251.1 ±11.0 | 0.340

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Distal ileum crypt depth

  increases

  Distal ileum crypt depth | 150.0a ±8.2 | 158.5a ±11.2 | 213.8b ±13.4 | 179.8ab ±13.6 | 0.491 * | 150.7a ±12.7 | 153.3a ±16.1 | 172.7a ±12.4 | 263.4b ±27.4 | 0.662 ***

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Distal ileum crypt depth

  increases

  Distal ileum crypt depth | 150.0a ±8.2 | 158.5a ±11.2 | 213.8b ±13.4 | 179.8ab ±13.6 | 0.491 * | 150.7a ±12.7 | 153.3a ±16.1 | 172.7a ±12.4 | 263.4b ±27.4 | 0.662 ***

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Distal ileum villus height

  no effect

  Distal ileum villus height | 263.5 ±20.7 | 335.8 ±34.3 | 382.4 ±48.8 | 311.6 ±25.0 | 0.173 | 295.9 ±11.8 | 315.9 ±23.3 | 281.3 ±6.5 | 338.7 ±20.6 | 0.205

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Distal ileum villus height

  no effect

  Distal ileum villus height | 263.5 ±20.7 | 335.8 ±34.3 | 382.4 ±48.8 | 311.6 ±25.0 | 0.173 | 295.9 ±11.8 | 315.9 ±23.3 | 281.3 ±6.5 | 338.7 ±20.6 | 0.205

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Jejunum crypt depth

  increases

  Jejunum crypt depth | 172.1 ±17.0 | 159.7 ±6.1 | 195.4 ±17.5 | 216.2 ±16.4 | 0.440 * | 149.2a ±9.5 | 158.5a ±8.6 | 183.8a ±16.2 | 292.5b ±16.8 | 0.815 ***

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Jejunum crypt depth

  increases

  Jejunum crypt depth | 172.1 ±17.0 | 159.7 ±6.1 | 195.4 ±17.5 | 216.2 ±16.4 | 0.440 * | 149.2a ±9.5 | 158.5a ±8.6 | 183.8a ±16.2 | 292.5b ±16.8 | 0.815 ***

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Jejunum villus height

  increases

  Jejunum villus height | 583.5 ±47.2 | 612.3 ±15.2 | 647.0 ±21.1 | 685.9 ±18.9 | 0.499 * | 539.9 ±25.5 | 630.7 ±40.1 | 661.2 ±39.9 | 672.1 ±63.7 | 0.483 *

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Jejunum villus height

  increases

  Jejunum villus height | 583.5 ±47.2 | 612.3 ±15.2 | 647.0 ±21.1 | 685.9 ±18.9 | 0.499 * | 539.9 ±25.5 | 630.7 ±40.1 | 661.2 ±39.9 | 672.1 ±63.7 | 0.483 *

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Plasma PYY correlation with caecum weight

  increases, p = 0.001

  plasma PYY correlated with the amount of pectin in the diet (P<0.001; Fig. 4d) and with the weights of small intestine (r = 0.720, P<0.001) and caecum (r = 0.723, P<0.001), but not colon (r = 0.240)

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Plasma PYY correlation with caecum weight

  increases, p = 0.001

  plasma PYY correlated with the amount of pectin in the diet (P<0.001; Fig. 4b) and with the weights of small intestine (r = 0.794, P<0.001), caecum (r = 0.721, P<0.001) and colon (r = 0.444, P<0.01)

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Plasma PYY correlation with colon weight

  no effect

  plasma PYY correlated with the amount of pectin in the diet (P<0.001; Fig. 4d) and with the weights of small intestine (r = 0.720, P<0.001) and caecum (r = 0.723, P<0.001), but not colon (r = 0.240)

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Plasma PYY correlation with colon weight

  increases, p = 0.01

  plasma PYY correlated with the amount of pectin in the diet (P<0.001; Fig. 4b) and with the weights of small intestine (r = 0.794, P<0.001), caecum (r = 0.721, P<0.001) and colon (r = 0.444, P<0.01)

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Plasma PYY correlation with cumulative food intake

  decreases, p = 0.01

  and correlated negatively with cumulative food intake (r = -0.451, P<0.01)

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Plasma PYY correlation with cumulative food intake

  decreases, p = 0.001

  and correlated negatively with cumulative food intake (r = -0.745, P<0.001)

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Plasma PYY correlation with small intestine weight

  increases, p = 0.001

  plasma PYY correlated with the amount of pectin in the diet (P<0.001; Fig. 4d) and with the weights of small intestine (r = 0.720, P<0.001) and caecum (r = 0.723, P<0.001), but not colon (r = 0.240)

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Plasma PYY correlation with small intestine weight

  increases, p = 0.001

  plasma PYY correlated with the amount of pectin in the diet (P<0.001; Fig. 4b) and with the weights of small intestine (r = 0.794, P<0.001), caecum (r = 0.721, P<0.001) and colon (r = 0.444, P<0.01)

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Plasma total GLP-1 correlation with cumulative food intake

  decreases, p = 0.001

  Plasma total GLP-1 correlated negatively with cumulative food intake in both the 8-day and 28-day cohorts (r = -0.585 and -0.541, respectively; P<0.001)

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Plasma total GLP-1 correlation with cumulative food intake

  decreases, p = 0.001

  Plasma total GLP-1 correlated negatively with cumulative food intake in both the 8-day and 28-day cohorts (r = -0.585 and -0.541, respectively; P<0.001)

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Proximal colon mucosa depth

  no effect

  Proximal colon mucosa depth | 151.7 ±8.4 | 193.6 ±17.1 | 176.2 ±9.7 | 188.8 ±13.7 | 0.241 | 178.7 ±12.7 | 209.8 ±19.5 | 210.1 ±10.0 | 210.2 ±9.3 | 0.308

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Proximal colon mucosa depth

  no effect

  Proximal colon mucosa depth | 151.7 ±8.4 | 193.6 ±17.1 | 176.2 ±9.7 | 188.8 ±13.7 | 0.241 | 178.7 ±12.7 | 209.8 ±19.5 | 210.1 ±10.0 | 210.2 ±9.3 | 0.308

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Small intestine length

  increases

  Small intestine length (mm) | 1043a ±14 | 1057ab ±13 | 1123bc ±21 | 1149c ±29 | 0.617 *** | 1086a ±11 | 1105ab ±13 | 1154bc ±19 | 1184c ±16 | 0.688 ***

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Small intestine length

  increases

  Small intestine length (mm) | 1043a ±14 | 1057ab ±13 | 1123bc ±21 | 1149c ±29 | 0.617 *** | 1086a ±11 | 1105ab ±13 | 1154bc ±19 | 1184c ±16 | 0.688 ***

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Small intestine weight

  increases

  Small intestine weight (g) | 8.4a ±0.4 | 10.0b ±0.4 | 11.6c ±0.3 | 13.8d ±0.3 | 0.910 *** | 9.3a ±0.4 | 10.5ab ±0.3 | 11.6b ±0.4 | 13.3c ±0.5 | 0.808 ***

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Small intestine weight

  increases

  Small intestine weight (g) | 8.4a ±0.4 | 10.0b ±0.4 | 11.6c ±0.3 | 13.8d ±0.3 | 0.910 *** | 9.3a ±0.4 | 10.5ab ±0.3 | 11.6b ±0.4 | 13.3c ±0.5 | 0.808 ***

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Stomach weight

  no effect

  Stomach weight (g) | 6.3 ±0.5 | 5.4 ±0.4 | 6.5 ±0.7 | 5.2 ±0.3 | -0.153 | 4.8 ±0.8 | 6.0 ±0.8 | 6.1 ±0.7 | 5.8 ±0.7 | 0.168

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Stomach weight

  no effect

  Stomach weight (g) | 6.3 ±0.5 | 5.4 ±0.4 | 6.5 ±0.7 | 5.2 ±0.3 | -0.153 | 4.8 ±0.8 | 6.0 ±0.8 | 6.1 ±0.7 | 5.8 ±0.7 | 0.168

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Whole gut weight

  increases

  Whole gut weight (g) | 27.7a ±1.5 | 30.6ab ±1.3 | 34.4bc ±1.1 | 36.6c ±1.0 | 0.716 *** | 30.6a ±1.5 | 35.0ab ±1.4 | 35.8ab ±1.2 | 39.2b ±1.9 | 0.589 ***

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Whole gut weight

  increases

  Whole gut weight (g) | 27.7a ±1.5 | 30.6ab ±1.3 | 34.4bc ±1.1 | 36.6c ±1.0 | 0.716 *** | 30.6a ±1.5 | 35.0ab ±1.4 | 35.8ab ±1.2 | 39.2b ±1.9 | 0.589 ***

  PMID:25602757 · one of two readings recorded this

• Blood glucose

  High | Fibre-free | 158 (23) | 3.8 (1.0) | 14.7 (3.1) | 0.76 (0.1) | 10 (1.1)

  PMID:25973610 · one of two readings recorded this

• Blood glucose

  Low | Fibre-free | 128 (14) | 2.5 (0.3) | 9.81 (0.8) | 0.72 (0.1) | 10 (1.4)

  PMID:25973610 · one of two readings recorded this

• Blood glucose

  decreases

  HM Pectin | 118 (6) *** | 2.0 (0.5) *** | 10.8 (0.9) *** | 0.61 (0.1) * | 7.9 (0.4) ***

  PMID:25973610 · one of two readings recorded this

• Blood glucose

  no effect

  HM Pectin | 112 (16) | 2.0 (0.8) | 9.6 (1.2) | 0.59 (0.7) * | 9.1 (0.8)

  PMID:25973610 · one of two readings recorded this

• Blood glucose

  decreases

  LM Pectin | 96 (11) *** | 1.4 (0.3) *** | 11.0 (1.2) *** | 0.63 (0.1) | 8.3 (0.5) **

  PMID:25973610 · one of two readings recorded this

• Blood glucose

  decreases

  LM Pectin | 89 (13) *** | 1.6 (0.6) | 8.2 (0.7) | 0.54 (0.1) ** | 8.6 (0.8) *

  PMID:25973610 · one of two readings recorded this

• Caecal Akkermansia abundance

  increases

  where both guar gum and pectin increased Akkermansia in the high-fat setting

  PMID:25973610 · one of two readings recorded this

• Caecal Bifidobacterium abundance

  no effect

  Bifidobacterium was significantly increased by all preparations of guar gum, while pectin did not appear to have this bifidogenic effect

  PMID:25973610 · one of two readings recorded this

• Caecal Lactobacillus and Bacteroides abundance

  no effect

  The fibre preparations did not alter Lactobacillus or Bacteroides levels

  PMID:25973610 · one of two readings recorded this

• Epididymal fat weight

  High | Fibre-free | 158 (23) | 3.8 (1.0) | 14.7 (3.1) | 0.76 (0.1) | 10 (1.1)

  PMID:25973610 · one of two readings recorded this

• Epididymal fat weight

  Low | Fibre-free | 128 (14) | 2.5 (0.3) | 9.81 (0.8) | 0.72 (0.1) | 10 (1.4)

  PMID:25973610 · one of two readings recorded this

• Epididymal fat weight

  decreases

  HM Pectin | 118 (6) *** | 2.0 (0.5) *** | 10.8 (0.9) *** | 0.61 (0.1) * | 7.9 (0.4) ***

  PMID:25973610 · one of two readings recorded this

• Epididymal fat weight

  no effect

  HM Pectin | 112 (16) | 2.0 (0.8) | 9.6 (1.2) | 0.59 (0.7) * | 9.1 (0.8)

  PMID:25973610 · one of two readings recorded this

• Epididymal fat weight

  decreases

  LM Pectin | 96 (11) *** | 1.4 (0.3) *** | 11.0 (1.2) *** | 0.63 (0.1) | 8.3 (0.5) **

  PMID:25973610 · one of two readings recorded this

• Epididymal fat weight

  no effect

  LM Pectin | 89 (13) *** | 1.6 (0.6) | 8.2 (0.7) | 0.54 (0.1) ** | 8.6 (0.8) *

  PMID:25973610 · one of two readings recorded this

The whole record — 491 rows