RND1 GTPase cycle

RND1 is an atypical RHO GTPase from the RND subfamily. RND1 is constitutively bound to GTP and lacks GTPase activity. No guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), GTPase activator proteins (GAPs) or guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) act on RND1. RND1 localizes to the plasma membrane, but can be extracted from the plasma membrane and sequestered to the cytosol upon phosphorylation-induced binding to 14-3-3 protein. RND1 antagonizes RHOA, leading to reduced actomyosin contractility and loss of stress fibers and focal adhesions, which results in a rounded cell phenotype. RND1 plays a role in embryogenesis, neuronal development, myometrium changes during pregnancy, and angiogenesis. RND1 is frequently downregulated in cancer and is implicated as a tumor suppressor, but may play an oncogenic role in some cancer types. RND1 expression increases in response to anti-cancer agents and in may be involved in resistance to treatment. For review, please refer to Mouly et al. 2019.

Summary from Reactome (R-HSA-9696273), read 2026-09-23.