Endpoint
Total leukocyte count
White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (basophils; eosinophils; and neutrophils) as well as non-granular leukocytes (lymphocytes and monocytes).
CAT:outcome/leukocyte-countreported in x10^9/L5 findings from 4 compounds
What moved it
How to read these marks5 findings · 4 compounds · 4 null · by evidence strength
| Compound | Direction | Findings | Strongest evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| melatonin | no effect 1 · down 1 | 2 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| coenzyme Q10 | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| Ginkgo biloba | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| acetylsalicylic acid | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited. |
Reported to move it
1 finding
melatonin — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding“There was a decrease in white blood cell, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts in TMG comparatively with TPG (p = 0.0005; p = 0.0001; p = 0.014, respectively) and MG (p = 0.023; p = 0.007; p = 0.026, respectively).”
Quoted verbatim from Benefits of 12-week self-paced training combined with melatonin supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and body composition in multiple sclerosis patients: A randomized controlled trial.. - Study
- RCT
- Duration
- 3 months
- Dose
- 3 mg/night
- Population
- patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS); training + melatonin (TMG) vs training + placebo (TPG), both arms also received concurrent aerobic-resistance training
Benefits of 12-week self-paced training combined with melatonin supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and body composition in multiple sclerosis patients: A randomized controlled trial.2026PMID:42217742Permalink
Measured, no effect detected
4 findings
melatonin — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“In the 3 studies, there was no significant difference in WBC count between the melatonin treated group and the control group (WMD = –1.07, 95% CI = –2.44, 0.30, P =.13) (Fig..”
Quoted verbatim from The safety and efficacy of melatonin in the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Hospitalised COVID-19 patients; secondary endpoint, 3 trials of adjunctive melatonin vs control
Effect -1.07 mean difference, 95% CI -2.44 to 0.3
The safety and efficacy of melatonin in the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.2022PMID:36181086Permalink
coenzyme Q10 — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“As shown in Table 2, there were no significant differences in hematological parameters (RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC, lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet) between CoQ10 and placebo groups at the end of the study (P > 0.05).”
Quoted verbatim from Coenzyme Q10 supplementation in burn patients: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.. - Study
- RCT
- Participants
- 52
- Duration
- 10 days
- Dose
- 100 mg three times a day after meals, total 300 mg/day
- Population
- Adults aged 18-65 with 20-60% total body surface area burns admitted to a burn ICU in Isfahan, Iran, all receiving routine burn care and the unit's standard vitamin, selenium, zinc and B-complex supplementation in both arms; primary outcome.
Coenzyme Q10 supplementation in burn patients: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.2024PMID:38431600Permalink
Ginkgo biloba — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“The white blood cell count did not change either in the GKB or in the placebo group after 90 days.”
Quoted verbatim from The efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract as an adjuvant in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients ineffectively managed with metformin: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.. - Study
- RCT
- Participants
- 47
- Duration
- 3 months
- Dose
- 120 mg once daily for 90 days, added to ongoing metformin
- Population
- Adults aged 25 to 65 with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on metformin, recruited in Sulaimani, Iraq; both arms continued their usual metformin dose throughout.
The efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract as an adjuvant in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients ineffectively managed with metformin: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.2018PMID:29670330Permalink
acetylsalicylic acid — no detected effect on
LimitedEvidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.FindingNull result“WBC counts in the sleep restriction/placebo condition were increased after 5 nights of sleep restriction compared to the control sleep/placebo condition, while there was no difference between the sleep restriction/ASA and the sleep restriction/placebo condition.”
Quoted verbatim from The Effect of Low-Dose Acetylsalicylic Acid on Cellular Immune Responses to Experimental Sleep Restriction in Healthy Humans.. - Study
- crossover
- Dose
- 81 mg once daily in the evening for 14 at-home days then during the in-laboratory stay
- Population
- Healthy adults (age 19-63) under experimental sleep restriction, after 5 nights of restricted sleep (study day 8); daily low-dose aspirin versus placebo
The Effect of Low-Dose Acetylsalicylic Acid on Cellular Immune Responses to Experimental Sleep Restriction in Healthy Humans.2026PMID:41686719Permalink
How it is measured
Total white blood cell count in peripheral blood from an automated full blood count analyser. The reported unit is recorded with each finding — values appear both as x10^9 per litre and as cells per microlitre and differ by a factor of one thousand.
Sources cited
5 papers
- Subject
- total leukocyte count
- Findings
- 5
- Papers
- 5
Benefits of 12-week self-paced training combined with melatonin supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and body composition in multiple sclerosis patients: A randomized controlled trial.record2026PMID:422177421 finding
The Effect of Low-Dose Acetylsalicylic Acid on Cellular Immune Responses to Experimental Sleep Restriction in Healthy Humans.record2026PMID:416867191 finding
Coenzyme Q10 supplementation in burn patients: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.record2024PMID:384316001 finding
The safety and efficacy of melatonin in the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.record2022PMID:361810861 finding
The efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract as an adjuvant in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients ineffectively managed with metformin: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.record2018PMID:296703301 finding