Endpoint
One-repetition maximum strength
CAT:outcome/1rm-strengthreported in kg3 findings from 2 compounds
What moved it
How to read these marks3 findings · 2 compounds · 1 null · by evidence strength
| Compound | Direction | Findings | Strongest evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| caffeine | up 1 · no effect 1 | 2 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| creatine | up | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
Reported to move it
2 findings
creatine — increases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding“Leg-press 1RM (k = 3; n = 111) improved with creatine: MD + 7.5 kg (95% CI + 2.2 to + 12.8; I² = 0%).”
Quoted verbatim from Creatine monohydrate for lean mass, strength, and bone density in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Participants
- 111
- Population
- postmenopausal women
Creatine monohydrate for lean mass, strength, and bone density in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.2026PMID:42141930An author is affiliated with a producerPermalink
caffeine — increases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding“In the main meta-analysis that considered data from 6 included studies, there was a significant ergogenic effect of caffeine on 1RM strength (SMD: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.25; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%; Figure 3).”
Quoted verbatim from Ergogenic Effects of Acute Caffeine Intake on Muscular Endurance and Muscular Strength in Women: A Meta-Analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Healthy adult women; overall meta-analysis of 6 placebo-controlled crossover trials of 1RM strength
Effect 0.18 standardised mean difference, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.25
Ergogenic Effects of Acute Caffeine Intake on Muscular Endurance and Muscular Strength in Women: A Meta-Analysis.2021PMID:34072182Permalink
Measured, no effect detected
1 finding
caffeine — no detected effect on
InsufficientEvidence strength: insufficient. Mechanistic inference, no evidence found, or evidence weakened below very limited.FindingNull result“These results suggest that rinsing with a CHO and CAF solution either independently or combined has no significant effect on maximum strength or muscular endurance performance.”
Quoted verbatim from Carbohydrate and Caffeine Mouth Rinses Do Not Affect Maximum Strength and Muscular Endurance Performance.. - Study
- crossover
- Participants
- 15
- Dose
- 1.2% caffeine solution (300 mg; 3.9±0.3 mg/kg) mouth rinse for 10 s before a 1RM bench press test, expectorated rather than swallowed
- Population
- 15 recreationally resistance-trained males
Carbohydrate and Caffeine Mouth Rinses Do Not Affect Maximum Strength and Muscular Endurance Performance.2015PMID:25785703Permalink
How it is measured
Maximal single repetition, standardised lift, tested to failure under a documented warm-up and progression protocol.
Partial overlaps, not equivalences
- GO:0003009
Sources cited
3 papers
- Subject
- one-repetition maximum strength
- Findings
- 3
- Papers
- 3
Creatine monohydrate for lean mass, strength, and bone density in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.record2026PMID:421419301 finding
Ergogenic Effects of Acute Caffeine Intake on Muscular Endurance and Muscular Strength in Women: A Meta-Analysis.record2021PMID:340721821 finding
Carbohydrate and Caffeine Mouth Rinses Do Not Affect Maximum Strength and Muscular Endurance Performance.record2015PMID:257857031 finding