malic acid

glucose-induced protein kinase C activation, advanced glycation end-product formation, sorbitol accumulation and NFkappaB activation

decreases

Normalizing levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species with each of these agents prevents glucose-induced activation of protein kinase C, formation of advanced glycation end-products, sorbitol accumulation and NFkappaB activation

PMID:10783895 · one of two readings recorded this

hyperglycaemia-induced reactive oxygen species

decreases

this increase in reactive oxygen species is prevented by an inhibitor of electron transport chain complex II, by an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, by uncoupling protein-1 and by manganese superoxide dismutase

PMID:10783895 · one of two readings recorded this

hyperglycaemia-induced reactive oxygen species

increases

Hyperglycaemia increases the production of reactive oxygen species inside cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells

PMID:10783895 · one of two readings recorded this

superoxide production during forward electron transport, myxothiazol versus rotenone

increases

different classes of quinone-binding site inhibitor (rotenone, piericidin, and high concentrations of myxothiazol) gave different rates of superoxide production during forward electron transport (the rate with myxothiazol was twice that with rotenone)

PMID:15262965 · one of two readings recorded this

superoxide production during forward electron transport with quinone-binding site inhibitors plus ATP, versus reverse electron transport at same pH gradient

increases

there was a rapid rate of superoxide production by forward electron transport that was as great as the rate seen with reverse electron transport at the same pH gradient

PMID:15262965 · one of two readings recorded this

superoxide production (measured as hydrogen peroxide production) by complex I, forward versus reverse electron transport

decreases

The rate of superoxide production by complex I during NADH-linked forward electron transport was less than 10% of that during succinate-linked reverse electron transport

PMID:15262965 · one of two readings recorded this

blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen and total protein

no effect

There were no differences in the concentrations of Glc, BUN and TP between the L-malate-treated groups and the control groups

PMID:16555951 · one of two readings recorded this

blood glucose (Glc), not stated as fasting

no effect

Not recorded as a finding: Fasting blood glucose node requires an overnight fast; abstract does not state it. Reported together with BUN and TP as no differences

There were no differences in the concentrations of Glc, BUN and TP between the L-malate-treated groups and the control groups.

PMID:16555951 · one of two readings recorded this

blood urea nitrogen, blood glucose and total protein in mice

no effect, no differences in Glc, BUN and TP

Not recorded as a finding: sentence is a three-analyte list; glucose not stated as fasting so fasting-glucose node does not fit; BUN omitted for rodent blood matrix and assay not stated

There were no differences in the concentrations of Glc, BUN and TP between the L-malate-treated groups and the control groups.

PMID:16555951 · one of two readings recorded this

creatine kinase

decreases

However, the levels of CK were significantly decreased in the L-malate-treated groups

PMID:16555951 · one of two readings recorded this

cytosolic and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase activity

increases

The activities of cytosolic and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase were significantly elevated in the L-malate-treated group compared with the control group

PMID:16555951 · one of two readings recorded this

forced swimming time in mice, increased 26.1% and 28.5% at 0.210 and 0.630 g/kg

increases, 26.1 % and 28.5 %

Not recorded as a finding: Swimming time to exhaustion in mice is not the fixed-workload human time-to-exhaustion node; near miss

The swimming time was increased by 26.1 % and 28.5 %, respectively, in the 0.210 g/kg and 0.630 g/kg L-malate-treated group compared with the control group.

PMID:16555951 · one of two readings recorded this

forced swimming time to exhaustion in mice, swimming time (not a fixed-workload TTE)

increases, swimming time increased by 26.1 % and 28.5 % in the 0.210 and 0.630 g/kg groups

Not recorded as a finding: time-to-exhaustion node requires a fixed submaximal workload; forced swimming time in mice is a different measure

The swimming time was increased by 26.1 % and 28.5 %, respectively, in the 0.210 g/kg and 0.630 g/kg L-malate-treated group compared with the control group.

PMID:16555951 · one of two readings recorded this

forced swimming time

increases

The swimming time was increased by 26.1 % and 28.5 %, respectively, in the 0.210 g/kg and 0.630 g/kg L-malate-treated group compared with the control group

PMID:16555951 · one of two readings recorded this

forced swimming time

increases

The swimming time was increased by 26.1 % and 28.5 %, respectively, in the 0.210 g/kg and 0.630 g/kg L-malate-treated group compared with the control group

PMID:16555951 · one of two readings recorded this

oxidative phosphorylation efficiency

no effect

Concentrations of NO or KCN that decrease resting oxygen consumption by 10-20% increased oxidative phosphorylation efficiency in mitochondria oxidizing succinate or palmitoyl-L-carnitine, but not in mitochondria oxidizing malate plus glutamate

PMID:17447126 · one of two readings recorded this

oxidative phosphorylation efficiency

increases

Concentrations of NO or KCN that decrease resting oxygen consumption by 10-20% increased oxidative phosphorylation efficiency in mitochondria oxidizing succinate or palmitoyl-L-carnitine, but not in mitochondria oxidizing malate plus glutamate

PMID:17447126 · one of two readings recorded this

heat production and respiration in coupled mitochondria

decreases

(iv) oleate promoted a decrease in heat production and respiration in coupled mitochondria, an effect different from that observed using pyruvate/malate

PMID:21561434 · one of two readings recorded this

membrane potential and ATP synthesized

no effect

(iii) in spite of the differences in respiration and heat production noted with the two substrates, the membrane potential and the ATP synthesized were the same

PMID:21561434 · one of two readings recorded this

respiration and heat production with faf-BSA and GDP

increases

(ii) faf-BSA and GDP accelerate heat and respiration as a result and, in coupled mitochondria, these two rates are accelerated compared with pyruvate/malate

PMID:21561434 · one of two readings recorded this

ROS production

no effect

These effects are not related to the production of ROS (reactive oxygen species)

PMID:21561434 · one of two readings recorded this

uncoupled mitochondria respiration and heat production rate

decreases

(i) the rates of uncoupled mitochondria respiration and heat production are five times slower than in the presence of pyruvate/malate

PMID:21561434 · one of two readings recorded this

Dry Mouth Questionnaire score

increases, p = 0.05

from 1.21 ± 0.14 points to 3.36 ± 0.17 points (p<0.05) after two weeks treatment with malic acid

PMID:22926481 · one of two readings recorded this

Dry Mouth Questionnaire score

no effect, p = 0.05

whereas in the control group DMQ scores increased from 1.18 ± 0.12 points to 1.34 ± 0.09 points (p>0.05)

PMID:22926481 · one of two readings recorded this

Number of control-group members with decline of the initial condition

no patient in the experimental group experienced a decline of the initial condition, whereas 3 members of the control group did it

PMID:22926481 · one of two readings recorded this

Product applications per day

Patients belonging to the experimental group used the product 3.71± 1.32 times per day, whereas those belonging to the control group used the placebo 6.75 ± 1.21 times per day

PMID:22926481 · one of two readings recorded this

Product applications per day

Patients belonging to the experimental group used the product 3.71± 1.32 times per day, whereas those belonging to the control group used the placebo 6.75 ± 1.21 times per day

PMID:22926481 · one of two readings recorded this

Proportion of patients with some clinical recovery

increases

92% of the patients treated with malic acid experienced some clinical recovery, in contrast to just 15% of the patients treated with placebo

PMID:22926481 · one of two readings recorded this

Proportion of patients with some clinical recovery

92% of the patients treated with malic acid experienced some clinical recovery, in contrast to just 15% of the patients treated with placebo

PMID:22926481 · one of two readings recorded this

Stimulated salivary flow rate

increases, p = 0.05

patients treated with malic acid experienced a significant average increase from 0.660 mL/min to 0.920 mL/min after 2 weeks treatment (p<0.05)

PMID:22926481 · one of two readings recorded this

Stimulated salivary flow rate

no effect, p = 0.05

those patients treated with placebo experienced an average increase from 0.67 mL/min to 0.70 mL/min after 2 weeks (p>0.05)

PMID:22926481 · one of two readings recorded this

Unstimulated salivary flow rate

increases, p = 0.05

After 2 weeks of treatment with the product, unstimulated salivary flow rate increased significantly from 0.170 mL/min to 0.242 mL/min (p<0.05), whereas patients treated with placebo ranged from 0.152 mL/min to 0.146 mL/min (p>0.05)

PMID:22926481 · one of two readings recorded this

Unstimulated salivary flow rate

no effect, p = 0.05

After 2 weeks of treatment with the product, unstimulated salivary flow rate increased significantly from 0.170 mL/min to 0.242 mL/min (p<0.05), whereas patients treated with placebo ranged from 0.152 mL/min to 0.146 mL/min (p>0.05)

PMID:22926481 · one of two readings recorded this

dry mouth symptoms

decreases, p = 0.05, n = 70

Dry mouth symptoms improved after 1% malic acid topical spray application (p < .05)

PMID:23124914 · one of two readings recorded this

stimulated salivary flow rate

increases, p = 0.05, n = 70

After 2 weeks of 1% malic acid application, unstimulated and stimulated salivary flows rates increased significantly (p < .05)

PMID:23124914 · one of two readings recorded this

unstimulated salivary flow rate

increases, p = 0.05, n = 70

After 2 weeks of 1% malic acid application, unstimulated and stimulated salivary flows rates increased significantly (p < .05)

PMID:23124914 · one of two readings recorded this

Stimulated salivary flow rate

increases, p = 0.05

After 2 weeks of 1% malic acid application, unstimulated and stimulated salivary flows rates increased significantly (p < 0.05)

PMID:23294350 · one of two readings recorded this

Unstimulated salivary flow rate

increases, p = 0.05

After 2 weeks of 1% malic acid application, unstimulated and stimulated salivary flows rates increased significantly (p < 0.05)

PMID:23294350 · one of two readings recorded this

Xerostomia Inventory (XI) score

decreases, p = 0.05

XI scores decreased significantly (clinically meaningful) from 36.4 ± 7.3 points to 29.1 ± 7.1 (p < 0.05) with an XI difference of 7.2 ± 6.1

PMID:23294350 · one of two readings recorded this

improvement in abnormal pigmentation

decreases, n = 35

A mean 73% improvement in abnormal pigmentation was observed at the end of FFIM/vitamin C treatment

PMID:23377327 · one of two readings recorded this

iontophoretic penetration depth of vitamin C into skin

unclear

Before the study, high-performance liquid chromatography was used to verify iontophoretic penetration of vitamin C into the skin to a level of 0.2 cm in healthy volunteers (2 male, 2 female)

PMID:23377327 · one of two readings recorded this

Melasma Area and Severity Index improvement from baseline

decreases, n = 35

Melasma Area and Severity Index scores demonstrated substantial improvement from baseline for all patients, with a mean improvement of 15.7

PMID:23377327 · one of two readings recorded this

patients with greater than 25% improvement

decreases, n = 35

Greater than 25% improvement was observed in 32 of 35 patients, and greater than 50% improvement in 22 of 35 patients

PMID:23377327 · one of two readings recorded this

Dry mouth sensation (visual analogue scale)

decreases, p = 0.001

According to the VAS, both sprays significantly improved dry mouth sensation (P < 0.001)

PMID:29925712 · one of two readings recorded this

Non-stimulated salivary flow rate

increases, p = 0.001

non-stimulated salivary flow rates significantly increased in the intervention group from 0.25 ± 0.22 to 0.33 ± 0.33 mL/min (P < 0.001)

PMID:29925712 · one of two readings recorded this

OHIP-14sp total score

no effect, p = 0.05

No significant differences were observed in the control group (P > 0.05)

PMID:29925712 · one of two readings recorded this

OHIP-14sp total score

decreases, p = 0.001

OHIP-14sp total scores decreased significantly in the intervention group from 20.8 ± 10.4 to 16.5 ± 9.5 (P < 0.001)

PMID:29925712 · one of two readings recorded this

oral health-related quality of life on the OHIP-14sp questionnaire; xerostomia severity on a VAS; stimulated and non-stimulated salivary flow rates

decreases, OHIP-14sp total 20.8 to 16.5 in the intervention group

Not recorded as a finding: the result compares a group with itself, not with a control

However, OHIP-14sp total scores decreased significantly in the intervention group from 20.8 ± 10.4 to 16.5 ± 9.5 (P < 0.001), indicating an improvement in the OHRQoL.

PMID:29925712 · one of two readings recorded this

Dry Mouth Questionnaire score

increases, p = 0.05

DMQ scores increased significantly from 1.3 ± 0.4 to 3.5 ± 0.4 points (p<0.05) after two weeks of treatment with malic acid

PMID:30818311 · one of two readings recorded this

Dry Mouth Questionnaire score

no effect, p = 0.05

whereas in the control group DMQ scores increased from 1.2 ± 0.7 points to 1.4 ± 0.6 (p>0.05)

PMID:30818311 · one of two readings recorded this

Unstimulated salivary flow rate

increases

The unstimulated salivary flow rate in patients treated with malic acid increased significantly from 0.15 ± 0.06 mL/min to 0.24± 0.08 mL/min

PMID:30818311 · one of two readings recorded this

Unstimulated salivary flow rate

no effect, p = 0.05

while that of the patients treated with placebo went from 0.16 ± 0.07 mL/min to 0.17 ± 0.09 mL/min (p>0.05)

PMID:30818311 · one of two readings recorded this

xerostomia severity, Dry Mouth Questionnaire (DMQ) score; unstimulated salivary flow rate (mL/min)

increases, DMQ 1.3 to 3.5 points with malic acid vs 1.2 to 1.4 with placebo

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

DMQ scores increased significantly from 1.3 ± 0.4 to 3.5 ± 0.4 points (p<0.05) after two weeks of treatment with malic acid, whereas in the control group DMQ scores increased from 1.2 ± 0.7 points to 1.4 ± 0.6 (p>0.05).

PMID:30818311 · one of two readings recorded this

aspartate biosynthesis, mitochondrial respiration, exercise performance and muscle force

decreases, Kat inhibition with carbidopa impairs aspartate biosynthesis and mitochondrial respiration, and reduces exercise performance and muscle force

Kat inhibition with carbidopa impairs aspartate biosynthesis, mitochondrial respiration, and reduces exercise performance and muscle force in mice.

PMID:31235694 · one of two readings recorded this

exercise performance and muscle force in mice following Kat inhibition with carbidopa

decreases, Kat inhibition with carbidopa impairs aspartate biosynthesis, mitochondrial respiration, and reduces exercise performance and muscle force in mice

Kat inhibition with carbidopa impairs aspartate biosynthesis, mitochondrial respiration, and reduces exercise performance and muscle force in mice.

PMID:31235694 · one of two readings recorded this

Malic acid productivity in xylose-limited fed-batch culture

As such, a fed-batch culture maintaining xylose concentrations at low levels was conducted and 61.2 g L-1 of malic acid was produced, with a productivity of 0.32 g L-1 h

PMID:34390209 · one of two readings recorded this

malic acid titer and productivity from xylose by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae, fed-batch

increases, 61.2 g/L

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

As such, a fed-batch culture maintaining xylose concentrations at low levels was conducted and 61.2 g L-1 of malic acid was produced, with a productivity of 0.32 g L-1 h.

PMID:34390209 · one of two readings recorded this

Malic acid titer in xylose-limited fed-batch culture

increases

As such, a fed-batch culture maintaining xylose concentrations at low levels was conducted and 61.2 g L-1 of malic acid was produced, with a productivity of 0.32 g L-1 h

PMID:34390209 · one of two readings recorded this

Malic acid yield, 10 g L-1 xylose versus 20 and 40 g L-1 xylose

increases

the engineered strain had higher malic acid yield from lower concentrations (10 g L-1 ) of xylose, with no ethanol production, than from higher xylose concentrations (20 and 40 g L-1 )

PMID:34390209 · one of two readings recorded this

unstimulated and stimulated saliva flow rate, measured after a two-week course of treatment

increases

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

Regarding the increase in unstimulated and stimulated saliva flow rates, the intervention group was also better than the placebo group after a two-week course of treatment.

PMID:34954846 · one of two readings recorded this

Summated Xerostomia Inventory-Dutch Version (SXI-D) score

no effect, p = 0.05

while in the control group it decreased from 10.62 ± 1.75 to 10.23 ± 1.48 (p > 0.05)

PMID:35913424 · one of two readings recorded this

Summated Xerostomia Inventory-Dutch Version (SXI-D) score

decreases, p = 0.05

SXI-D scores showed a significant decrease from 10.73 ± 2.22 to 8.38 ± 2.28 in the test group (p < 0.05)

PMID:35913424 · one of two readings recorded this

Unstimulated salivary flow rate

increases

At 2 week's follow-up, the unstimulated salivary flow rate increased significantly from 0.059 ± 0.024 to 0.191 ± 0.064 and from 0.055 ± 0.026 to 0.078 ± 0.032 for test and control groups, respectively

PMID:35913424 · one of two readings recorded this

Unstimulated salivary flow rate

increases

At 2 week's follow-up, the unstimulated salivary flow rate increased significantly from 0.059 ± 0.024 to 0.191 ± 0.064 and from 0.055 ± 0.026 to 0.078 ± 0.032 for test and control groups, respectively

PMID:35913424 · one of two readings recorded this

xerostomia severity on the Summated Xerostomia Inventory-Dutch Version (SXI-D); unstimulated salivary flow rate

increases

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

A sialogogue spray containing 1% malic acid increased the unstimulated salivary flow rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus suffering from xerostomia.

PMID:35913424 · one of two readings recorded this

Safety of Malic Acid and Sodium Malate in cosmetics (Expert Panel conclusion)

no effect

The Panel concluded that Malic Acid and Sodium Malate are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment

PMID:35993419 · one of two readings recorded this

Number of down-regulated genes, integrated process versus without stimulation mode (c)

decreases

it was revealed that the different genes involved in 12 metabolic subsystems using the integrated process, where 31 and 177 genes were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively

PMID:36370855 · one of two readings recorded this

Number of up-regulated genes, integrated process versus without stimulation mode (c)

increases

it was revealed that the different genes involved in 12 metabolic subsystems using the integrated process, where 31 and 177 genes were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively

PMID:36370855 · one of two readings recorded this

PMLA production, NO3- addition plus electrolytic stimulation versus neither

increases

Compared to the case without NO3- addition and electrolytic stimulation, the PMLA production was increased by 22.9 % using the integrated process

PMID:36370855 · one of two readings recorded this

poly(beta-L-malic acid) production by Aureobasidium melanogenum under electrolytic stimulation

increases, 22.9 %

Not recorded as a finding: subject_absent

Compared to the case without NO3- addition and electrolytic stimulation, the PMLA production was increased by 22.9 % using the integrated process.

PMID:36370855 · both readings recorded this

extracellular l-malic acid titer (g/L) produced by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae, neutralizer-free fermentation

increases, 232.9 g/L

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

Finally, without any neutralizer, the titer in the 3-L bioreactor reached 232.9 g/L, the highest l-malic acid titer reported to date.

PMID:36608859 · one of two readings recorded this

extracellular l-malic acid titer

increases

Subsequently, the malic acid transporter SpMae1 was designed, and the extracellular l-malic acid titer was increased from 7.3 to 73.6 g/L

PMID:36608859 · one of two readings recorded this

l-malic acid titer after precursor pyruvate optimisation

increases

Furthermore, by optimizing the synthesis of the precursor pyruvate, the titer reached 81.8 g/L

PMID:36608859 · one of two readings recorded this

l-malic acid titer in 3-L bioreactor without neutralizer

increases

Finally, without any neutralizer, the titer in the 3-L bioreactor reached 232.9 g/L, the highest l-malic acid titer reported to date

PMID:36608859 · one of two readings recorded this

l-malic acid titer, MDHΔSKL and PYC2 overexpression

increases

the malate dehydrogenase 3 without signal peptide (MDHΔSKL) and pyruvate carboxylase 2 (PYC2) were overexpressed in cytoplasmic synthesis pathway, and the l-malic acid titer increased 5.6-fold

PMID:36608859 · one of two readings recorded this

l-malic acid productivity in 5 L fed-batch culture

Finally, the engineered T. reesei strain produced 220.5 g/L of l-malic acid in a 5 L fed-batch culture (productivity of 1.15 g/L/h)

PMID:36812909 · one of two readings recorded this

l-malic acid titer and productivity in engineered Trichoderma reesei fed-batch culture

increases, 220.5 g/L

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

Finally, the engineered T. reesei strain produced 220.5 g/L of l-malic acid in a 5 L fed-batch culture (productivity of 1.15 g/L/h).

PMID:36812909 · one of two readings recorded this

l-malic acid titer in 5 L fed-batch culture

increases

Finally, the engineered T. reesei strain produced 220.5 g/L of l-malic acid in a 5 L fed-batch culture (productivity of 1.15 g/L/h)

PMID:36812909 · one of two readings recorded this

PMLA molecular weight Mw

14.0, 8.4 and 77.6 % of the PMLAs with Mws of 75,134, 21,344 and 10,056 Da were distributed in the 300 kDa retentate after diafiltrating, 50 kDa retentate after diafiltrating, and the 50 kDa permeate, respectively

PMID:37182630 · one of two readings recorded this

PMLA molecular weight Mw

14.0, 8.4 and 77.6 % of the PMLAs with Mws of 75,134, 21,344 and 10,056 Da were distributed in the 300 kDa retentate after diafiltrating, 50 kDa retentate after diafiltrating, and the 50 kDa permeate, respectively

PMID:37182630 · one of two readings recorded this

PMLA molecular weight Mw

14.0, 8.4 and 77.6 % of the PMLAs with Mws of 75,134, 21,344 and 10,056 Da were distributed in the 300 kDa retentate after diafiltrating, 50 kDa retentate after diafiltrating, and the 50 kDa permeate, respectively

PMID:37182630 · one of two readings recorded this

PMLA polydispersity Mw/Mn

The Mw/Mns of the PMLAs were 4.12, 1.92, and 1.12 in the three fractions

PMID:37182630 · one of two readings recorded this

PMLA polydispersity Mw/Mn

The Mw/Mns of the PMLAs were 4.12, 1.92, and 1.12 in the three fractions

PMID:37182630 · one of two readings recorded this

PMLA polydispersity Mw/Mn

The Mw/Mns of the PMLAs were 4.12, 1.92, and 1.12 in the three fractions

PMID:37182630 · one of two readings recorded this

share of PMLA distributed in fraction

14.0, 8.4 and 77.6 % of the PMLAs with Mws of 75,134, 21,344 and 10,056 Da were distributed in the 300 kDa retentate after diafiltrating, 50 kDa retentate after diafiltrating, and the 50 kDa permeate, respectively

PMID:37182630 · one of two readings recorded this

share of PMLA distributed in fraction

14.0, 8.4 and 77.6 % of the PMLAs with Mws of 75,134, 21,344 and 10,056 Da were distributed in the 300 kDa retentate after diafiltrating, 50 kDa retentate after diafiltrating, and the 50 kDa permeate, respectively

PMID:37182630 · one of two readings recorded this

share of PMLA distributed in fraction

14.0, 8.4 and 77.6 % of the PMLAs with Mws of 75,134, 21,344 and 10,056 Da were distributed in the 300 kDa retentate after diafiltrating, 50 kDa retentate after diafiltrating, and the 50 kDa permeate, respectively

PMID:37182630 · one of two readings recorded this

Behavioral tests (forced swimming, tail suspension, sucrose preference, open-field)

modulates

were returned to approaching the normal state in the stressed group after treating with malic acid for 6 weeks

PMID:37519180 · one of two readings recorded this

Hypothalamic cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-1β)

modulates

were returned to approaching the normal state in the stressed group after treating with malic acid for 6 weeks

PMID:37519180 · one of two readings recorded this

Hypothalamic Na+/K+-ATPase activity, Hnmt and tyrosine hydroxylase enzymes

modulates

were returned to approaching the normal state in the stressed group after treating with malic acid for 6 weeks

PMID:37519180 · one of two readings recorded this

Hypothalamic neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, GABA)

modulates

were returned to approaching the normal state in the stressed group after treating with malic acid for 6 weeks

PMID:37519180 · one of two readings recorded this

Hypothalamic oxidative markers (NADPH oxidase, oxidative index, conjugated dienes, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde)

modulates

were returned to approaching the normal state in the stressed group after treating with malic acid for 6 weeks

PMID:37519180 · one of two readings recorded this

Superoxide anion and neuro-inflammation in hypothalamus

decreases

Malic acid ameliorated stressed-related symptoms and it inhibited superoxide anion and neuro-inflammation in the hypothalamus of stressed rats

PMID:37519180 · one of two readings recorded this

fermentative capacity and fructose utilization

increases

those isolated from cider exhibited higher fermentative capacity, mainly due to increased fructose utilization

PMID:38268424 · one of two readings recorded this

glycerol and acetic acid production

increases

Additionally, this strain produced high levels of glycerol as well as acceptable levels of acetic acid

PMID:38268424 · one of two readings recorded this

malic acid consumption in apple must fermentation

decreases

showed an important capacity for malic acid consumption in apple must fermentations

PMID:38268424 · one of two readings recorded this

malic acid consumption in high-malic acid Granny Smith apple must

decreases

The NPCC1651 cider strain stood out for its malic acid consumption ability in high-malic acid Granny Smith apple must

PMID:38268424 · one of two readings recorded this

malic acid degradation and growth with malic acid as sole carbon source

decreases

All P. kudriavzevii strains degraded malic acid and grew in synthetic media with malic acid as the sole carbon source

PMID:38268424 · one of two readings recorded this

fermentation cycle length

decreases

Notably, it achieved a 65.5% increase in productivity, reduced fermentation cycle by 1.5 days, and lowered succinic acid by 76.2%

PMID:38407053 · one of two readings recorded this

l-malic acid productivity

increases

Notably, it achieved a 65.5% increase in productivity, reduced fermentation cycle by 1.5 days, and lowered succinic acid by 76.2%

PMID:38407053 · one of two readings recorded this

succinic acid byproduct

decreases

Notably, it achieved a 65.5% increase in productivity, reduced fermentation cycle by 1.5 days, and lowered succinic acid by 76.2%

PMID:38407053 · one of two readings recorded this

Plasma active GLP-1 incremental AUC

increases, n = 22

preload of Test significantly increases plasma GLP-1 (total/active) levels (incremental area under the curve by 1.2- and 1.6-fold)

PMID:38487986 · one of two readings recorded this

Plasma total GLP-1 incremental AUC

increases, n = 22

preload of Test significantly increases plasma GLP-1 (total/active) levels (incremental area under the curve by 1.2- and 1.6-fold)

PMID:38487986 · one of two readings recorded this

Postprandial blood glucose

no effect, n = 22

there are no significant differences in postprandial blood glucose and insulin

PMID:38487986 · one of two readings recorded this

Postprandial insulin

no effect, n = 22

there are no significant differences in postprandial blood glucose and insulin

PMID:38487986 · one of two readings recorded this

postprandial plasma total and active GLP-1 incremental AUC after a meal tolerance test; postprandial blood glucose and insulin

increases, iAUC GLP-1 total/active 1.2- and 1.6-fold vs placebo

Not recorded as a finding: the intervention held more than the compound

By comparison to preload of Placebo, preload of Test significantly increases plasma GLP-1 (total/active) levels (incremental area under the curve by 1.2- and 1.6-fold), respectively.

PMID:38487986 · one of two readings recorded this

L-malic acid titer, yield, and productivity from A. niger fermentation

increases, 9.0% increase in L-malic acid titer, 8.75% increase in yield, 8.86% enhancement in productivity

Utilizing PmfsA to regulate fumA expression led to a 9.0% increase in L-malic acid titer, an 8.75% increase in yield (glucose to L-malic acid), and an 8.86% enhancement in productivity.

PMID:38506527 · one of two readings recorded this

L-malic acid titer, yield, and productivity from engineered Aspergillus niger fermentation

increases, 9.0% increase in L-malic acid titer, 8.75% increase in yield, 8.86% enhancement in productivity

Not recorded as a finding: the compound is what was measured, not what was given

Utilizing PmfsA to regulate fumA expression led to a 9.0% increase in L-malic acid titer, an 8.75% increase in yield (glucose to L-malic acid), and an 8.86% enhancement in productivity.

PMID:38506527 · one of two readings recorded this

L-malic acid titer, yield (glucose to L-malic acid), and productivity from engineered Aspergillus niger fermentation

increases, 9.0% increase in L-malic acid titer, an 8.75% increase in yield (glucose to L-malic acid), and an 8.86% enhancement in productivity

Not recorded as a finding: the compound is what was measured, not what was given

Utilizing PmfsA to regulate fumA expression led to a 9.0% increase in L-malic acid titer, an 8.75% increase in yield (glucose to L-malic acid), and an 8.86% enhancement in productivity.

PMID:38506527 · one of two readings recorded this

L-malic acid titer, yield (glucose to L-malic acid), and productivity

increases, 9.0% increase in L-malic acid titer, an 8.75% increase in yield (glucose to L-malic acid), and an 8.86% enhancement in productivity

Utilizing PmfsA to regulate fumA expression led to a 9.0% increase in L-malic acid titer, an 8.75% increase in yield (glucose to L-malic acid), and an 8.86% enhancement in productivity.

PMID:38506527 · one of two readings recorded this

fruit acidity, apple

decreases, overexpression of the coding sequence of Ma1 (Ma1α) drastically decreases fruit acidity

Here, it is shown that overexpression of the coding sequence of Ma1 (Ma1α) drastically decreases fruit acidity in "Royal Gala" apple, leading to uncovering alternative splicing underpins Ma1's function.

PMID:38514904 · one of two readings recorded this

fruit acidity / vacuolar malic acid accumulation

decreases, overexpression of Ma1α alone drastically decreases fruit acidity

Here, it is shown that overexpression of the coding sequence of Ma1 (Ma1α) drastically decreases fruit acidity in "Royal Gala" apple, leading to uncovering alternative splicing underpins Ma1's function.

PMID:38514904 · one of two readings recorded this

fruit malic acid accumulation, apple, following Ma1 (ALMT9) genetic overexpression

increases, Overexpression of Ma1α and Ma1β or genomic Ma1 increases both isoforms proportionally and enhances fruit malic acid accumulation

Not recorded as a finding: malic acid is the measured product of genetic overexpression (the exposure), not an administered compound -- the claim would run backwards through the graph (subject_is_the_outcome)

Overexpression of Ma1α and Ma1β or genomic Ma1 increases both isoforms proportionally and enhances fruit malic acid accumulation.

PMID:38514904 · one of two readings recorded this

fruit malic acid accumulation, apple

increases, overexpression of Ma1α and Ma1β or genomic Ma1 increases both isoforms proportionally and enhances fruit malic acid accumulation

Overexpression of Ma1α and Ma1β or genomic Ma1 increases both isoforms proportionally and enhances fruit malic acid accumulation.

PMID:38514904 · one of two readings recorded this

fruit malic acid accumulation

increases, overexpression of both Ma1α and Ma1β, or of genomic Ma1, increases both isoforms proportionally

Overexpression of Ma1α and Ma1β or genomic Ma1 increases both isoforms proportionally and enhances fruit malic acid accumulation.

PMID:38514904 · one of two readings recorded this

budesonide distribution in lung tissue, cells and lining fluid

unclear

As it was released in vivo from NEMs, sustained distribution of budesonide was obtained for 48 h in lung tissue, cells, and lining fluid

PMID:38517568 · one of two readings recorded this

budesonide drug loading in nanoconjugates

yielding excellent drug loading of up to 73 wt%, with 80-100 nm diameters

PMID:38517568 · one of two readings recorded this

cytokine production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages

decreases

the anti-inflammatory activity was preserved, as evidenced by reduced cytokine production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages

PMID:38517568 · one of two readings recorded this

L-malic acid yield from pyruvic acid and CO2 with coupled NADH regeneration

increases

Finally, carboxylation was coupled with NADH regeneration, resulting in a maximum L-MA yield of 77 % based on the initial concentration of pyruvic acid

PMID:38777233 · one of two readings recorded this

tumor growth inhibition and systemic toxicity

decreases

Both in vitro and in vivo efficacy studies demonstrated that these EP-NPs significantly inhibited tumor growth while exhibiting negligible systemic toxicity

PMID:39428822 · one of two readings recorded this

l-malic acid titer

increases

Finally, when scaling up to a 5 L bioreactor, a titer of 112.5 g/L was attained

PMID:39444231 · one of two readings recorded this

l-malic acid titer

increases

Third, adaptive laboratory evolution allowed the engineered strain Po1g-CEE2+Sp to tolerate a lower pH and to accumulate a higher amount of l-malic acid (56.0 g/L)

PMID:39444231 · one of two readings recorded this

l-malic acid titer

increases

overexpression of isocitrate lyase, malate synthase, and malate dehydrogenase in the glyoxylate cycle pathway and introduction of a malate transporter from Schizosaccharomyces pombe significantly boosted l-malic acid production, which reached 27.0 g/L

PMID:39444231 · one of two readings recorded this

l-malic acid titer

increases

A subsequent increase to 37.0 g/L was attained through shake flask medium optimization

PMID:39444231 · one of two readings recorded this

expression of MdWRKY126, MdMDH5, MdtDT, MdMYB1 and MdVHP1

increases

Meanwhile, the expression of MdWRKY126, MdMDH5, MdtDT, MdMYB1, and MdVHP1 was found to be significantly increased in transgenic apple calli overexpressing MdNAC18.1 and decreased in MdNAC18.1-silenced transgenic apple calli

PMID:40147662 · one of two readings recorded this

expression of MdWRKY126, MdMDH5, MdtDT, MdMYB1 and MdVHP1

decreases

Meanwhile, the expression of MdWRKY126, MdMDH5, MdtDT, MdMYB1, and MdVHP1 was found to be significantly increased in transgenic apple calli overexpressing MdNAC18.1 and decreased in MdNAC18.1-silenced transgenic apple calli

PMID:40147662 · one of two readings recorded this

MdMa11 promoter activation

increases

Luciferase (LUC) and glucuronidase (GUS) activation assays showed that MdNAC18.1 binds to the G-box motif (5'-ACGT-3') located 5227 bp upstream of transcription initiation site of the MdMa11, thereby promoting its expression

PMID:40147662 · one of two readings recorded this

organic acid accumulation and fruit acidity

increases

The analysis of transgenic apple calli, fruits and tomatoes indicated that MdNAC18.1 induced the organic acids accumulation to regulate fruit acidity

PMID:40147662 · one of two readings recorded this

airway inflammation in house dust mite-induced asthma in mice, with lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis markers GPX4 and FTH

decreases

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

L-malic acid was discovered to be efficacious in reducing airway inflammation in mice with house dust mite-induced asthma.

PMID:40381742 · both readings recorded this

airway inflammation

decreases

L-malic acid was discovered to be efficacious in reducing airway inflammation in mice with house dust mite-induced asthma

PMID:40381742 · one of two readings recorded this

beneficial effect on airway inflammation

decreases

However, the introduction of ferroptosis inducers, such as Erastin, was observed to negate the beneficial effect of butyrate

PMID:40381742 · one of two readings recorded this

correlation of L-malic acid with Rhodanobacter and Nocardioides

increases

The correlation analysis demonstrated a positive association between L-malic acid and Rhodanobacter and Nocardioides

PMID:40381742 · one of two readings recorded this

lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis markers GPX4 and FTH

modulates

Further analysis revealed that this change was linked to lipid peroxidation and changes in ferroptosis markers, namely GPX4 and FTH

PMID:40381742 · one of two readings recorded this

lung microbial diversity

decreases

This was characterized by a decrease in microbial diversity, as well as reductions in the relative proportion of Gallionella and Lactobacillus

PMID:40381742 · one of two readings recorded this

relative abundance of Flavobacterium and Ralstonia

increases

Conversely, the abundance of Flavobacterium and Ralstonia increased in the HDM4W and HDM6W groups, respectively

PMID:40381742 · one of two readings recorded this

abundance of mucin-associated bacteria (Akkermansia)

increases

These host responses were accompanied by a selective enrichment of mucin-associated bacteria, particularly Akkermansia

PMID:41240543 · one of two readings recorded this

epithelial fucosylation, mucus barrier integrity and gut microbial communities

increases

Notably, malic acid alone reproduced the protective effects of P. clypearia by inducing epithelial fucosylation, reinforcing barrier integrity, and modulating gut microbial communities

PMID:41240543 · one of two readings recorded this

epithelial fucosylation, mucus barrier integrity and gut microbial composition in DSS-induced colitis in mice given malic acid

increases

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

Notably, malic acid alone reproduced the protective effects of P. clypearia by inducing epithelial fucosylation, reinforcing barrier integrity, and modulating gut microbial communities.

PMID:41240543 · one of two readings recorded this

epithelial fucosylation, mucus barrier integrity and gut microbial composition in DSS-induced colitis in mice

increases

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

Notably, malic acid alone reproduced the protective effects of P. clypearia by inducing epithelial fucosylation, reinforcing barrier integrity, and modulating gut microbial communities.

PMID:41240543 · one of two readings recorded this

fucosylation-related gene expression (Fut2, Fut9)

increases

Transcriptomic analysis revealed upregulation of fucosylation-related genes, including Fut2 and Fut9, which was consistent with enhanced epithelial glycosylation and improved integrity of the mucus barrier

PMID:41240543 · one of two readings recorded this

organic carboxylic acids including citramalic acid

increases

Metabolomic profiling identified elevated levels of organic carboxylic acids, such as citramalic acid

PMID:41240543 · one of two readings recorded this

L-malic acid antinociception

decreases

The antinociception mediated by L-malic acid was partially antagonized by AM251, a selective CB1 receptor antagonist, but not by AM630 (a CB2 antagonist) or naloxone (an opioid antagonist)

PMID:41713814 · one of two readings recorded this

L-malic acid antinociception

no effect

The antinociception mediated by L-malic acid was partially antagonized by AM251, a selective CB1 receptor antagonist, but not by AM630 (a CB2 antagonist) or naloxone (an opioid antagonist)

PMID:41713814 · one of two readings recorded this

L-malic acid antinociception

increases

Furthermore, URB597, an inhibitor of FAAH (which degrades anandamide, AEA), potentiated the effect of L-malic acid, suggesting the involvement of AEA

PMID:41713814 · one of two readings recorded this

licking time, formalin test

decreases

C. gongylodes extract significantly reduced licking time in both phases of the formalin test, without sedative effects

PMID:41713814 · one of two readings recorded this

peripheral antinociception of pure L-malic acid in a PGE2-induced hyperalgesia model in mice

decreases

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

Pure L-malic acid (L-enantiomer) exhibited a potent peripheral antinociceptive effect, whereas the racemic form (DL-malic acid) was ineffective, highlighting the importance of chirality.

PMID:41713814 · one of two readings recorded this

peripheral antinociception, PGE2-induced hyperalgesia

no effect

Pure L-malic acid (L-enantiomer) exhibited a potent peripheral antinociceptive effect, whereas the racemic form (DL-malic acid) was ineffective, highlighting the importance of chirality

PMID:41713814 · one of two readings recorded this

peripheral antinociception, PGE2-induced hyperalgesia

decreases

Pure L-malic acid (L-enantiomer) exhibited a potent peripheral antinociceptive effect, whereas the racemic form (DL-malic acid) was ineffective, highlighting the importance of chirality

PMID:41713814 · one of two readings recorded this

pain and tenderness measures (3 primary outcomes)

no effect, n = 24

No clear treatment effect attributable to Super Malic was seen in the blinded, fixed low dose trial

PMID:8587088 · one of two readings recorded this

severity of pain/tenderness measures (3 primary outcomes)

decreases

With dose escalation and a longer duration of treatment in the open label trial, significant reductions in the severity of all 3 primary pain/tenderness measures were obtained without limiting risks

PMID:8587088 · one of two readings recorded this