Indexed under theobromine in PubMed's chemical list

Urine alkalinization for dissolution of uric acid stones and treatment of other urological diseases with a treatment combining potassium magnesium citrate and theobromine.

Archivio italiano di urologia, andrologia2025PMID 40162813Also indexed under theobromine as a PubMed major topic

Body fat percentage is a key factor in elevated plasma levels of caffeine and its metabolite in women.

PeerJ2025PMID 40511376

Effects of caffeine and its metabolites, theobromine and theophylline, on performance and physiological parameters in cyclists: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.

Clinical nutrition ESPEN2025PMID 40850526Also indexed under theobromine as a PubMed major topic

Maternal caffeine intake and DNA methylation in newborn cord blood.

The American journal of clinical nutrition2022PMID 34669932

Caffeine, Paraxanthine, Theophylline, and Theobromine Content in Human Milk.

Nutrients2022PMID 35683994Also indexed under theobromine as a PubMed major topic

Determination of caffeine, paraxanthine, theophylline and theobromine in premature infants by HILIC-MS/MS.

Bioanalysis2022PMID 36825935

Effects of theophylline and theobromine on exercise performance and implications for competition sport: A systematic review.

Drug testing and analysis2021PMID 33188564

The effect of a single dose of multivitamin and mineral combinations with and without guaraná on functional brain activity during a continuous performance task.

Nutritional neuroscience2017PMID 25259737

Health benefits of methylxanthines in neurodegenerative diseases.

Molecular nutrition & food research2017PMID 28074613

Pregnancy-induced changes in the pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its metabolites.

Journal of clinical pharmacology2016PMID 26358647

Structure-Bioactivity Relationships of Methylxanthines: Trying to Make Sense of All the Promises and the Drawbacks.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)2016PMID 27472311

Genome-wide association study of caffeine metabolites provides new insights to caffeine metabolism and dietary caffeine-consumption behavior.

Human molecular genetics2016PMID 27702941

Simultaneous multiplexed quantification of caffeine and its major metabolites theobromine and paraxanthine using surface-enhanced Raman scattering.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry2015PMID 26345445

Theobromine, the primary methylxanthine found in Theobroma cacao, prevents malignant glioblastoma proliferation by negatively regulating phosphodiesterase-4, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin kinase, and nuclear factor-kappa B.

Nutrition and cancer2014PMID 24547961

Dietary nutrients associated with short and long sleep duration. Data from a nationally representative sample.

Appetite2013PMID 23339991

Measurement of CYP1A2 activity: a focus on caffeine as a probe.

Current drug metabolism2012PMID 22554278

Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of natural methylxanthines in animal and man.

Handbook of experimental pharmacology2011PMID 20859793

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-dose evaluation of the acute behavioural effects of guaraná in humans.

Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)2007PMID 16533867

Caffeine metabolites in umbilical cord blood, cytochrome P-450 1A2 activity, and intrauterine growth restriction.

American journal of epidemiology2006PMID 16641310

Population pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its metabolites theobromine, paraxanthine and theophylline after inhalation in combination with diacetylmorphine.

Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology2005PMID 15667599

Serum metabolite/caffeine ratios as a test for liver function.

Journal of clinical pharmacology2004PMID 15051740

Antagonism of adenosine receptors by caffeine and caffeine metabolites in equine forebrain tissues.

American journal of veterinary research2003PMID 12602592

Pharmacology of ephedra alkaloids and caffeine after single-dose dietary supplement use.

Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics2002PMID 12087345

Caffeine potentiates the discriminative-stimulus effects of nicotine in rats.

Psychopharmacology2002PMID 12172692

Comparison of the potency of adenosine as an agonist at human adenosine receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells.

Biochemical pharmacology2001PMID 11226378

Neuroprotection by caffeine and A(2A) adenosine receptor inactivation in a model of Parkinson's disease.

The Journal of neuroscience2001PMID 11319241

An herbal supplement containing Ma Huang-Guarana for weight loss: a randomized, double-blind trial.

International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders2001PMID 11319627

Chronic effects of xanthines on levels of central receptors in mice.

Cellular and molecular neurobiology1999PMID 10456233

Inhibition of melanoma pulmonary metastasis by methylxanthines due to decreased invasion and proliferation.

Melanoma research1998PMID 9610865

Recent advances in caffeine and theobromine toxicities: a review.

Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)1997PMID 9629863

Absorption rate of methylxanthines following capsules, cola and chocolate.

European journal of clinical pharmacology1996PMID 9010706

Adenosine antagonists potentiate D2 dopamine-dependent activation of Fos in the striatopallidal pathway.

Neuroscience1995PMID 8577368

Discriminative stimulus and subjective effects of theobromine and caffeine in humans.

Psychopharmacology1994PMID 7862879

Caffeine metabolism by human hepatic cytochromes P450: contributions of 1A2, 2E1 and 3A isoforms.

Biochemical pharmacology1994PMID 8204093

Comparison of hepatic drug-oxidizing activity after simultaneous administration of two probe drugs, caffeine and trimethadione, to human subjects.

Pharmacology & toxicology1993PMID 8441739

Excretion of caffeine and its primary degradation products into bile.

Journal of hepatology1993PMID 8445222

Biotransformation of caffeine, paraxanthine, theobromine and theophylline by cDNA-expressed human CYP1A2 and CYP2E1.

Pharmacogenetics1992PMID 1302044

The pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its dimethylxanthine metabolites in patients with chronic liver disease.

British journal of clinical pharmacology1989PMID 2713214

Correlation of caffeine elimination and Child's classification in liver cirrhosis.

Klinische Wochenschrift1989PMID 2921843

Methylxanthines: toxicity to humans. 3. Theobromine, paraxanthine and the combined effects of methylxanthines.

Food and chemical toxicology1988PMID 3058562

Caffeine and its dimethylxanthine metabolites in two cases of caffeine overdose: a cause of falsely elevated theophylline concentrations in serum.

Journal of analytical toxicology1988PMID 3072449

Biotransformation of caffeine, paraxanthine, theophylline, and theobromine by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-inducible cytochrome(s) P-450 in human liver microsomes.

Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals1987PMID 2882985

Effects of celiprolol on systemic and forearm circulation in hypertensive patients: a double-blind cross-over study versus metoprolol.

Journal of clinical pharmacology1987PMID 2888795

Comparative pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its primary demethylated metabolites paraxanthine, theobromine and theophylline in man.

British journal of clinical pharmacology1986PMID 3756065

Quantitative assessment of caffeine partial clearances in man.

British journal of clinical pharmacology1986PMID 3756066

Assessment of caffeine exposure: caffeine content of beverages, caffeine intake, and plasma concentrations of methylxanthines.

Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics1986PMID 3943270

Warfarin versus dipyridamole-aspirin and pentoxifylline-aspirin for the prevention of prosthetic heart valve thromboembolism: a prospective randomized clinical trial.

Circulation1985PMID 3899404

Comparison of the urinary metabolite profile of caffeine in young and elderly males.

British journal of clinical pharmacology1985PMID 3986081

Human disposition and some biochemical aspects of methylxanthines.

Progress in clinical and biological research1984PMID 6396646

Determination of caffeine, theophylline and theobromine in serum and saliva using high-performance liquid chromatography.

Annals of clinical biochemistry1984PMID 6712142