Prostate cancer incidence

Method

Incident histologically confirmed prostate cancer, from randomised trials of a defined intervention against placebo and from observational comparisons of highest with lowest intake category, pooled as a summary risk ratio.

The method is part of the endpoint identity. Studies measuring the same quantity by a different method are held as separate endpoints.

Notes

Will be confused with all-site cancer incidence. Site-specific and all-site estimates dissociate hard in this literature: the same review reports a reduced risk here alongside an INCREASED urinary tract cancer risk, so an all-site pool cancels two real and opposite site-specific signals into an apparent null. Also distinct from serum prostate-specific antigen, a screen-detection-dependent biomarker rather than a diagnosis, and from prostate volume, a benign-disease measure.