ursolic acid

dose-limiting toxicity (hepatotoxicity and diarrhea) dose levels

unclear

The DLT was encountered at 74, 98, and 130 mg/m(2), and consisted of hepatotoxicity and diarrhea

PMID:23134084 · one of two readings recorded this

maximum tolerated dose

unclear

The MTD was 98 mg/m(2)

PMID:23134084 · one of two readings recorded this

single-dose plasma ursolic acid Cmax and AUC(0-24h, 0-inf) across 11 to 130 mg/m2 intravenous liposome doses, UPLC-MS/MS; dose-limiting toxicity and maximum tolerated dose, no control group

linear relationship between Cmax, AUC and escalated doses

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

The single-dose pharmacokinetic parameters revealed a linear relationship between C(max), AUC(0→24 h), or AUC(0→∞) and escalated doses.

PMID:23134084 · one of two readings recorded this

accumulation on multiple dosing (pharmacokinetic)

no effect

Multiple-dose pharmacokinetic analysis suggested UAL does not accumulate in the body

PMID:25866811 · one of two readings recorded this

grade 3 or higher adverse events (NCI-CTC)

no effect

No ≥grade 3 adverse events (NCI-CTC) were observed

PMID:25866811 · one of two readings recorded this

stable disease after 2 treatment cycles of intravenous ursolic acid liposomes in advanced solid tumours, single-arm dose-escalation, no control group

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

Sixty percent subjects achieved stable disease after 2 treatment cycles.

PMID:25866811 · one of two readings recorded this

stable disease after 2 treatment cycles

unclear

Sixty percent subjects achieved stable disease after 2 treatment cycles

PMID:25866811 · one of two readings recorded this

body mass index

decreases, p = 0.049

body mass index (BMI) (29.9 + 3.6 vs. 24.9 ± 1.2 kg/m2, P = .049)

PMID:28598231 · one of two readings recorded this

waist circumference

decreases, p = 0.008

waist circumference (93 ± 8.9 vs. 83 + 8.6 cm, P = .008)

PMID:28598231 · one of two readings recorded this

body weight, BMI, waist circumference, fasting glucose and insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) before versus after 12 weeks of ursolic acid 150 mg/day in metabolic syndrome

decreases, fasting glucose 6.0 vs 4.7 mmol/L, P = .002 (pre versus post, within the ursolic acid arm), p = 0.002

Not recorded as a finding: the result compares a group with itself, not with a control

After ursolic acid administration, the remission of metabolic syndrome occurred in 50% of patients (P = .005) with significant differences in body weight (75.7 ± 11.5 vs. 71 ± 11 kg, P = .002), body mass index (BMI) (29.9 + 3.6 vs. 24.9 ± 1.2 kg/m2, P = .049), waist circumference (93 ± 8.9 vs. 83 + 8.6 cm, P = .008), fasting glucose (6.0 ± 0.5 vs. 4.7 ± 0.4 mmol/L, P = .002), and insulin sensitivity (3.1 ± 1.1 vs. 4.2 ± 1.2, P = .003).

PMID:28598231 · one of two readings recorded this

body weight

decreases, p = 0.002

body weight (75.7 ± 11.5 vs. 71 ± 11 kg, P = .002)

PMID:28598231 · one of two readings recorded this

fasting glucose

decreases, p = 0.002

fasting glucose (6.0 ± 0.5 vs. 4.7 ± 0.4 mmol/L, P = .002)

PMID:28598231 · one of two readings recorded this

insulin sensitivity

increases, p = 0.003

insulin sensitivity (3.1 ± 1.1 vs. 4.2 ± 1.2, P = .003)

PMID:28598231 · one of two readings recorded this

remission of metabolic syndrome

decreases, p = 0.005

the remission of metabolic syndrome occurred in 50% of patients (P = .005)

PMID:28598231 · one of two readings recorded this

C-reactive protein

decreases, p = 0.05

UA treatment also dramatically decreased the plasma levels of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α in the HIRT+UA group versus the HIRT+P group (p<0.05)

PMID:31533605 · one of two readings recorded this

interleukin-6

decreases, p = 0.05

UA treatment also dramatically decreased the plasma levels of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α in the HIRT+UA group versus the HIRT+P group (p<0.05)

PMID:31533605 · one of two readings recorded this

irisin

increases, p = 0.05

UA supplementation significantly increased the plasma levels of irisin in the HIRT+UA group versus the HIRT+P group (p<0.05)

PMID:31533605 · one of two readings recorded this

plasma irisin, assay not stated

increases

Not recorded as a finding: No irisin outcome node

UA supplementation significantly increased the plasma levels of irisin in the HIRT+UA group versus the HIRT+P group (p<0.05).

PMID:31533605 · one of two readings recorded this

plasma irisin level, assay not stated

increases, HIRT+UA higher than HIRT+P

Not recorded as a finding: No outcome node for irisin

UA supplementation significantly increased the plasma levels of irisin in the HIRT+UA group versus the HIRT+P group (p<0.05).

PMID:31533605 · one of two readings recorded this

tumor necrosis factor alpha

decreases, p = 0.05

UA treatment also dramatically decreased the plasma levels of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α in the HIRT+UA group versus the HIRT+P group (p<0.05)

PMID:31533605 · one of two readings recorded this

body mass index

increases, p = 0.001

body mass index (BMI) (CON Δ: 0.69 ± 0.15 kg/m2, p = 0.001 vs. UA Δ: 0.75 ± 0.23, p = 0.011)

PMID:32593524 · one of two readings recorded this

body mass index

increases, p = 0.011

body mass index (BMI) (CON Δ: 0.69 ± 0.15 kg/m2, p = 0.001 vs. UA Δ: 0.75 ± 0.23, p = 0.011)

PMID:32593524 · one of two readings recorded this

10-repetition maximum, knee extension

increases, p = 0.01

(CON Δ: 5.00 ± 2.09, p = 0.036 vs. UA Δ: 7.8 ± 1.87, p = 0.340 and CON Δ: 3.58 ± 1.15, p = 0.010 vs. UA Δ: 1.20 ± 0.72, p = 0.133)

PMID:32593524 · one of two readings recorded this

10-repetition maximum, knee extension

no effect, p = 0.133

(CON Δ: 5.00 ± 2.09, p = 0.036 vs. UA Δ: 7.8 ± 1.87, p = 0.340 and CON Δ: 3.58 ± 1.15, p = 0.010 vs. UA Δ: 1.20 ± 0.72, p = 0.133)

PMID:32593524 · one of two readings recorded this

arm, waist and hip circumferences

no effect

There was no difference in the arm, waist and hip circumferences

PMID:32593524 · one of two readings recorded this

body weight

increases, p = 0.001

Both groups showed significant increases in body weight (CON Δ: 2.12 ± 0.47 kg, p = 0.001 vs. UA Δ: 2.24 ± 0.67 kg, p = 0.009)

PMID:32593524 · one of two readings recorded this

body weight

increases, p = 0.009

Both groups showed significant increases in body weight (CON Δ: 2.12 ± 0.47 kg, p = 0.001 vs. UA Δ: 2.24 ± 0.67 kg, p = 0.009)

PMID:32593524 · one of two readings recorded this

food intake

no effect

Food intake remained unchanged throughout the study

PMID:32593524 · one of two readings recorded this

muscle mass and strength

no effect

Ursolic acid had no synergic effect on muscle strength and mass in response to RT in physically active men consuming a high-protein diet

PMID:32593524 · one of two readings recorded this

muscle mass, body composition method not stated

no effect, CON 1.12 vs UA 1.08 kg increase, no significant difference between groups

Not recorded as a finding: Lean-mass node is fat-free mass; the paper reports muscle mass without naming the construct as FFM or the method

Both groups showed increases in muscle mass (CON Δ: 1.12 ± 0.26, p = 0.001 vs. UA Δ: 1.08 ± 0.28 kg, p = 0.004), but there was no significant difference between them.

PMID:32593524 · one of two readings recorded this

muscle mass

increases, p = 0.001

Both groups showed increases in muscle mass (CON Δ: 1.12 ± 0.26, p = 0.001 vs. UA Δ: 1.08 ± 0.28 kg, p = 0.004)

PMID:32593524 · one of two readings recorded this

muscle mass

increases, p = 0.004

Both groups showed increases in muscle mass (CON Δ: 1.12 ± 0.26, p = 0.001 vs. UA Δ: 1.08 ± 0.28 kg, p = 0.004)

PMID:32593524 · one of two readings recorded this

one repetition maximum bench press and 10-repetition maximum knee extension; muscle mass; body weight; BMI; thigh circumference

no effect

Not recorded as a finding: the supporting sentence never names the compound

Additionally, there were significant increases in the one repetition maximum test in the bench press and in the 10-repetition maximum test in the knee extension (CON Δ: 5.00 ± 2.09, p = 0.036 vs. UA Δ: 7.8 ± 1.87, p = 0.340 and CON Δ: 3.58 ± 1.15, p = 0.010 vs. UA Δ: 1.20 ± 0.72, p = 0.133), respectively, with no difference between them.

PMID:32593524 · one of two readings recorded this

one repetition maximum, bench press

increases, p = 0.036

(CON Δ: 5.00 ± 2.09, p = 0.036 vs. UA Δ: 7.8 ± 1.87, p = 0.340 and CON Δ: 3.58 ± 1.15, p = 0.010 vs. UA Δ: 1.20 ± 0.72, p = 0.133)

PMID:32593524 · one of two readings recorded this

one repetition maximum, bench press

no effect, p = 0.34

(CON Δ: 5.00 ± 2.09, p = 0.036 vs. UA Δ: 7.8 ± 1.87, p = 0.340 and CON Δ: 3.58 ± 1.15, p = 0.010 vs. UA Δ: 1.20 ± 0.72, p = 0.133)

PMID:32593524 · one of two readings recorded this

thigh circumference

increases, p = 0.002

thigh circumference (CON Δ: 1.50 ± 0.36, p = 0.002 vs. UA Δ: 2.46 ± 0.50 cm, p = 0.003 vs. UA 1.84 ± 0.82 cm, p = 0.001)

PMID:32593524 · one of two readings recorded this

waist circumference

no effect

no significant effects between groups were observed for waist circumference and other secondary outcomes

PMID:34330458 · one of two readings recorded this

absolute and relative handgrip strength in kgf, UA 450 mg/day versus placebo, combined exercise in both arms, postmenopausal women

increases, mean difference 1.8 kgf, 95% CI 0.3, 3.2 (absolute); 0.03 kgf/kg, 95% CI 0.01, 0.05 (relative)

Not recorded as a finding: the paper never states the instrument the node requires

Greater changes in the absolute (mean difference: 1.8 kgf, 95% CI 0.3, 3.2) and relative (0.03 kgf/kg, 95% CI 0.01, 0.05) handgrip strength was observed for the UA group compared with PLA.

PMID:34330458 · one of two readings recorded this

absolute handgrip strength change

increases

Greater changes in the absolute (mean difference: 1.8 kgf, 95% CI 0.3, 3.2) and relative (0.03 kgf/kg, 95% CI 0.01, 0.05) handgrip strength was observed for the UA group compared with PLA

PMID:34330458 · one of two readings recorded this

relative handgrip strength change

increases

Greater changes in the absolute (mean difference: 1.8 kgf, 95% CI 0.3, 3.2) and relative (0.03 kgf/kg, 95% CI 0.01, 0.05) handgrip strength was observed for the UA group compared with PLA

PMID:34330458 · one of two readings recorded this

remission of metabolic syndrome by NCEP ATP III criteria

no effect, 38.5% in both groups

Not recorded as a finding: The sentence reporting 38.5% remission in both groups does not name UA, so it is not self-supporting

Furthermore, remission of MetS (according to the NCEP ATP III criteria) occurred in 38.5% of the participants in both groups.

PMID:34330458 · one of two readings recorded this

remission of metabolic syndrome (NCEP ATP III)

no effect

remission of MetS (according to the NCEP ATP III criteria) occurred in 38.5% of the participants in both groups

PMID:34330458 · one of two readings recorded this

waist circumference (primary outcome), between-group comparison

no effect

Not recorded as a finding: The only sentence stating the null is agentless and names neither UA nor the arms, so it does not support a claim on its own

However, no significant effects between groups were observed for waist circumference and other secondary outcomes.

PMID:34330458 · one of two readings recorded this

HOMA-IR

decreases, p = 0.05

Interleukin-15 (IL-15), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Insulin, and HOMA-IR decreased significantly in the placebo and UA groups versus control, but the UA group significantly decreased compared with the placebo (p<0.05)

PMID:34528871 · one of two readings recorded this

IL-6

decreases, p = 0.05

Interleukin-15 (IL-15), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Insulin, and HOMA-IR decreased significantly in the placebo and UA groups versus control, but the UA group significantly decreased compared with the placebo (p<0.05)

PMID:34528871 · one of two readings recorded this

BDNF

increases, p = 0.05

the BDNF in the UA group significantly increased compared with the placebo (p < 0.05)

PMID:34528871 · one of two readings recorded this

IL-15

decreases, p = 0.05

Interleukin-15 (IL-15), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Insulin, and HOMA-IR decreased significantly in the placebo and UA groups versus control, but the UA group significantly decreased compared with the placebo (p<0.05)

PMID:34528871 · one of two readings recorded this

BDNF level, matrix and assay not stated

increases, UA group higher than placebo group

Not recorded as a finding: The BDNF node requires serum by immunoassay and the abstract states neither matrix nor assay

However, the BDNF in the UA group significantly increased compared with the placebo (p < 0.05).

PMID:34528871 · one of two readings recorded this

IL-15 and insulin levels, assay not stated

decreases, UA group lower than placebo group

Not recorded as a finding: No outcome node for IL-15 or for fasting insulin

Interleukin-15 (IL-15), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Insulin, and HOMA-IR decreased significantly in the placebo and UA groups versus control, but the UA group significantly decreased compared with the placebo (p<0.05).

PMID:34528871 · one of two readings recorded this

insulin, matrix and assay not stated

decreases

Not recorded as a finding: No fasting insulin outcome node

Interleukin-15 (IL-15), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Insulin, and HOMA-IR decreased significantly in the placebo and UA groups versus control, but the UA group significantly decreased compared with the placebo (p<0.05).

PMID:34528871 · one of two readings recorded this

insulin

decreases, p = 0.05

Interleukin-15 (IL-15), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Insulin, and HOMA-IR decreased significantly in the placebo and UA groups versus control, but the UA group significantly decreased compared with the placebo (p<0.05)

PMID:34528871 · one of two readings recorded this

Interleukin-15, level not stated how measured

decreases

Not recorded as a finding: No IL-15 outcome node

Interleukin-15 (IL-15), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Insulin, and HOMA-IR decreased significantly in the placebo and UA groups versus control, but the UA group significantly decreased compared with the placebo (p<0.05).

PMID:34528871 · one of two readings recorded this

Irisin

increases

the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Irisin levels showed a significant increase in the placebo and UA groups versus control

PMID:34528871 · one of two readings recorded this

serum IL-10 concentration, assay not stated

no effect, p > 0.05

Not recorded as a finding: No matching node: the only IL-10 node is stimulated whole-blood IL-10 response, not a resting serum concentration

There was no difference in the serum cytokine concentrations of TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-6 (p > 0.05).

PMID:34799219 · one of two readings recorded this

serum IL-10 concentration

no effect

Not recorded as a finding: No IL-10 outcome node; the stimulated-IL-10 node is an ex-vivo whole-blood stimulation assay, a different measurement

In conclusion, UA supplementation for 8weeks was not able to change the blood TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-6 concentrations in healthy men undergoing RT.

PMID:34799219 · one of two readings recorded this

serum IL-10

no effect, p = 0.05, n = 27

There was no difference in the serum cytokine concentrations of TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-6 (p > 0.05)

PMID:34799219 · one of two readings recorded this

serum IL-6

no effect, p = 0.05, n = 27

There was no difference in the serum cytokine concentrations of TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-6 (p > 0.05)

PMID:34799219 · one of two readings recorded this

serum TNF-α

no effect, p = 0.05, n = 27

There was no difference in the serum cytokine concentrations of TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-6 (p > 0.05)

PMID:34799219 · one of two readings recorded this

body mass index

no effect

UA supplementation didn't significantly change body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, lean body mass

PMID:38923885 · one of two readings recorded this

fasting blood glucose

no effect

systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein compared with control groups

PMID:38923885 · one of two readings recorded this

lean body mass

no effect

UA supplementation didn't significantly change body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, lean body mass

PMID:38923885 · one of two readings recorded this

waist circumference

no effect

UA supplementation didn't significantly change body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, lean body mass

PMID:38923885 · one of two readings recorded this

triglyceride

no effect

systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein compared with control groups

PMID:38923885 · one of two readings recorded this

body fat percentage

no effect

UA supplementation didn't significantly change body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, lean body mass

PMID:38923885 · one of two readings recorded this

body weight

no effect

UA supplementation didn't significantly change body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, lean body mass

PMID:38923885 · one of two readings recorded this

diastolic blood pressure

no effect

systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein compared with control groups

PMID:38923885 · one of two readings recorded this

high-density lipoprotein

no effect

systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein compared with control groups

PMID:38923885 · one of two readings recorded this

insulin

no effect

systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein compared with control groups

PMID:38923885 · one of two readings recorded this

pooled effect of ursolic acid supplementation on body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, lean body mass, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride and HDL, versus control groups

no effect

Not recorded as a finding: the only supporting sentence runs past the quote limit

Conclusion: UA supplementation had no significant effect on the cardiometabolic risk factors in adults.

PMID:38923885 · one of two readings recorded this

systolic blood pressure

no effect

systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein compared with control groups

PMID:38923885 · one of two readings recorded this

brown spot score

decreases, p = 0.001

Topical application of a formulation containing 2.5% AAO for 28 days significantly reduced UV and brown spot scores (-6.4% and - 4.1%, respectively; p < 0.001)

PMID:41387498 · one of two readings recorded this

ITA° (skin brightness and tone uniformity)

increases, p = 0.001

improved skin brightness and tone uniformity (ITA° +12.4%; L* +3.1%; both p < 0.001)

PMID:41387498 · one of two readings recorded this

L* (skin lightness)

increases, p = 0.001

improved skin brightness and tone uniformity (ITA° +12.4%; L* +3.1%; both p < 0.001)

PMID:41387498 · one of two readings recorded this

melanin index

decreases, p = 0.001

decreased melanin index (-10.2%, p < 0.001)

PMID:41387498 · one of two readings recorded this

skin brightness L* and ITA degree, melanin index, UV and brown spot scores after topical 2.5% Annurca Apple Oleolite for 28 days

increases, L* +3.1%

Not recorded as a finding: the supporting sentence never names the compound

Topical application of a formulation containing 2.5% AAO for 28 days significantly reduced UV and brown spot scores (-6.4% and - 4.1%, respectively; p < 0.001), decreased melanin index (-10.2%, p < 0.001), and improved skin brightness and tone uniformity (ITA° +12.4%; L* +3.1%; both p < 0.001) compared with placebo.

PMID:41387498 · one of two readings recorded this

skin brightness (L* value) and melanin index after 28 days of topical 2.5% apple oil extract versus placebo

increases, L* +3.1%

Not recorded as a finding: subject_absent

Topical application of a formulation containing 2.5% AAO for 28 days significantly reduced UV and brown spot scores (-6.4% and - 4.1%, respectively; p < 0.001), decreased melanin index (-10.2%, p < 0.001), and improved skin brightness and tone uniformity (ITA° +12.4%; L* +3.1%; both p < 0.001) compared with placebo.

PMID:41387498 · one of two readings recorded this

UV spot score

decreases, p = 0.001

Topical application of a formulation containing 2.5% AAO for 28 days significantly reduced UV and brown spot scores (-6.4% and - 4.1%, respectively; p < 0.001)

PMID:41387498 · one of two readings recorded this