Studied for
1 endpoint · 1 finding · 1 paper · 1 null
What the evidence says
How to read these marks1 finding · 1 endpoint · 1 paper · 1 null · by evidence strength
Every finding here is a null result.
What did not
1 finding
No detected effect on gestational diabetes mellitus incidence
LimitedEvidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.FindingNull result“We observed null risk differences (RDs) for PTB (RD = 0.002, 95% CI −0.002, 0.005), SGA (RD = 0.001, 95% CI −0.002, 0.004), LGA (RD = 0.002, 95% CI −0.002, 0.006), and gestational diabetes (RD = 0.002, 95% CI −0.002, 0.006) associated with a 0.1 mg/l increase in fluoride levels.”
Quoted verbatim from Prenatal fluoride exposure and pregnancy outcomes in two US pregnancy cohorts.. - Study
- cohort
- Dose
- per 0.1 mg/l increase in urinary fluoride (observational gradient)
- Population
- Pregnant people in two US cohorts (California CiOB and Illinois IKIDS), exposure measured as second-trimester urinary fluoride, effect per 0.1 mg/l increase
Prenatal fluoride exposure and pregnancy outcomes in two US pregnancy cohorts.2026PMID:42632752Permalink
On the label
Labelled products
52 products
Source: NIH DSLD · Ingredient: fluoride · 52 products · Declared amount per serving: 0.25–46 mg (51 products)
52 labels state an amount0 do not
- Boca PharmacalMulti-Vitamin Drops With Fluoride 0.25 mgSodium Fluoride · Fluoride (Form: as Sodium Fluoride)0.25 mgper 1 mLDSLD:174352
- Boca PharmacalMulti-Vitamin With Fluoride OrangeSodium Fluoride · Fluoride (Form: as sodium fluoride)0.25 mgper 1 Chewable Tablet(s)DSLD:27720
- BonGeo PharmaceuticalsFloriva Plus Liquid Drops 0.25 mg Natural Berry FlavorSodium Fluoride0.25 mgper 1 mLDSLD:263434
- Carwin Pharmaceutical AssociatesQuFlora FE Grape FlavorSodium Fluoride0.25 mgper 1 Tablet(s)DSLD:263344
- Carwin Pharmaceutical AssociatesQuFlora Gummies Orange FlavorSodium Fluoride0.25 mgper 2 Gummie(s)DSLD:263328
- Carwin Pharmaceutical AssociatesSodium Fluoride - Vitamin D Liquid Drops Fruit FlavorSodium Fluoride0.25 mgper 1 mLDSLD:263348
- GM PharmaceuticalsEscavite D Cherry FlavoredSodium Fluoride · Fluoride (Form: as Sodium Fluoride)0.25 mgper 1 Chewable Tablet(s)DSLD:206044
- GM PharmaceuticalsEscavite LQ0.25 mgper 1 mLDSLD:239678
- H2 PharmaMultiVitamin with Fluoride 0.25 mg0.25 mgper 1 Tablet(s)DSLD:264347
- H2 PharmaMultiVitamin with Fluoride 0.5 mg0.5 mgper 1 Tablet(s)DSLD:264345
- H2 PharmaMultiVitamin with Fluoride 0.5 mg0.5 mgper 1 mLDSLD:264348
- H2 PharmaMultiVitamin with Fluoride 1 mg1 mgper 1 Tablet(s)DSLD:264346
Show the remaining 40
- H2 PharmaMultiVitamin with Fluoride Drops0.25 mgper 1 mLDSLD:239696
- H2 PharmaMultiVitamin, Iron and Fluoride0.25 mgper 1 mLDSLD:239693
- H2 PharmaSodium Fluoride Drops 0.5 mg Peach Flavored0.5 mgper 1 mLDSLD:264334
- H2 PharmaVitamins A, C, D and Fluoride 0.25 mg0.25 mgper 1 mLDSLD:264335
- H2 PharmaVitamins A, C, D with Fluoride0.5 mgper 1 mLDSLD:264336
- Libertas PharmaMulti Vitamin With Fluoride 0.25 mg0.25 mgper 1 Chewable Tablet(s)DSLD:19966
- Libertas PharmaMulti Vitamin With Fluoride 0.5 mg0.5 mgper 1 Chewable Tablet(s)DSLD:37081
- Libertas PharmaMulti Vitamin With Fluoride 1 mg1 mgper 1 Chewable Tablet(s)DSLD:37082
- Libertas PharmaVitamins A, C, D And Fluoride0.25 mgper 1 mLDSLD:70653
- Mayne PharmaMulti Vitamin and Fluoride Supplemental Drops 0.25 mg0.25 mgper 1 mLDSLD:240235
- Nora RossOkinawa Coral CalciumNaturally within Coral Calcium46 mgper 1 Capsule(s)DSLD:319538
- Nutri-WestCore Level Bone MatrixCalcium Fluoride Note: cell salt3 mcgper 1 Tablet(s)DSLD:27718
- PharmaPure RXMultivitamin with Fluoride Chewable Tablets 0.25 mg Grape Flavor0.25 mgper 1 Chewable Tablet(s)DSLD:240061
- PharmaPure RXMultivitamin with Fluoride Chewable Tablets 0.5 mg Grape Flavor0.5 mgper 1 Chewable Tablet(s)DSLD:240060
- QualitestMulti-Vit with Fluoride 0.25 mg0.25 mgper 1 mLDSLD:206308
- QualitestMulti-Vit With Fluoride 0.25 mg And Iron Drops0.25 mgper 1 mLDSLD:37091
- QualitestMulti-Vit With Fluoride 0.5 mg Drops0.5 mgper 1 mLDSLD:37076
- QualitestTri-Vit With Fluoride 0.25 mg and Iron Drops0.25 mgper 1 mLDSLD:240148
- QualitestTri-Vit With Fluoride 0.25 mg Drops0.25 mgper 1 mLDSLD:26083
- Sancilio & CompanyLudent - Fluoride Chews 0.25 mgSodium Fluoride0.25 mgper 1 Tablet(s)DSLD:264133
- Sancilio & CompanyLudent - Fluoride Chews 0.5 mgSodium Fluoride0.5 mgper 1 Tablet(s)DSLD:264162
- Sancilio & CompanyLudent - Fluoride Chews 1.0 mgSodium Fluoride1 mgper 1 Tablet(s)DSLD:264163
- Sancilio & CompanyMultivitamin Drops with Fluoride & Iron 0.25 mg/mLSodium Fluoride0.25 mgper 1 mLDSLD:264170
- Sancilio & CompanyMultivitamin Drops with Fluoride 0.25 mg/mLSodium Fluoride · Fluoride (Form: as Sodium Fluoride)0.25 mgper 1 mLDSLD:240069
- Sancilio & CompanyMultivitamin Drops with Fluoride 0.25 mg/mLSodium Fluoride0.25 mgper 1 mLDSLD:264167
- Sancilio & CompanyMultivitamin Drops with Fluoride 0.5 mg/mLSodium Fluoride0.5 mgper 1 mLDSLD:264166
- Sancilio & CompanyMultivitamin Drops with Fluoride 0.5 mg/mLSodium Fluoride0.5 mgper 1 mLDSLD:264169
- Sancilio & CompanyMultivitamin with Fluoride 0.25 mgSodium Fluoride · Fluoride (Form: as Sodium Fluoride)0.25 mgper 1 Not PresentDSLD:82695
- Sancilio & CompanyMultivitamin with Fluoride 0.5 mgSodium Fluoride0.5 mgper 1 Tablet(s)DSLD:264173
- Sancilio & CompanyMultivitamin with Fluoride 1.0 mgSodium Fluoride1 mgper 1 Tablet(s)DSLD:264179
- Sancilio & CompanyMVC - Fluoride 0.5 mgSodium Fluoride0.5 mgper 1 Tablet(s)DSLD:264188
- Sancilio & CompanyMVC - Fluoride 1.0 mgSodium Fluoride1 mgper 1 Tablet(s)DSLD:264196
- Sancilio & CompanyMVC - Fluoride 1.0 mg1 mgper 1 Chewable Tablet(s)DSLD:264185
- Sancilio & CompanyMVC Fluoride 0.25 mg0.25 mgper 1 Chewable Tablet(s)DSLD:264182
- Sancilio & CompanyMVC Fluoride 0.5 mg0.5 mgper 1 Chewable Tablet(s)DSLD:264184
- Sancilio & CompanyMVC-Fluoride 0.25 mgSodium Fluoride · Fluoride (Form: as Sodium Fluoride Note: Each Multivitamin with 0.25 mg Fluoride Tablet contains 0.25 mg Fluoride from 0.22 mg Sodium Fluoride (NaF))0.25 mgper 1 Tablet(s)DSLD:28211
- Sancilio & CompanySodium Fluoride Drops 0.5 mg/mL Grape FlavoredSodium Fluoride0.5 mgper 1 mLDSLD:264209
- Sancilio & CompanyTri-Vitamin Drops with Fluoride 0.25 mg/mLSodium Fluoride0.25 mgper 1 mLDSLD:264212
- Sancilio & CompanyTri-Vitamin Drops with Fluoride 0.5 mg/mLSodium Fluoride0.5 mgper 1 mLDSLD:264220
- Trigen LaboratoriesTL-Flurivite Chew Natural Fruit Flavor0.25 mgper 1 Chewable Tablet(s)DSLD:264455
Label record: NIH Office of Dietary Supplements · CC0
Papers screened
1,720 papers
- Compound
- fluoride
- Screened
- 1,720
- Admitted
- 1
- Discarded
- 103
- Not read
- 1,616
- Showing
- 200 of 1,720
Produced a finding1 paper
- PMID:426327522026-10-12
Discarded: the wrong intervention55 papers
- PMID:41654789no claim extracted — reagent_not_exposure2026-10-12
- PMID:42303861no claim extracted — subject_is_the_outcome2026-10-12
- PMID:42856538no claim extracted — reagent_not_exposure2026-10-12
- PMID:37673037no claim extracted — subject_is_the_outcome2026-10-11
and 51 more.
Discarded: another reason, stated per paper25 papers
- PMID:40045047no claim extracted — cause not determined — DOSED: silver diamine fluoride (SDF) applied to root caries in older adults, per abstract; the paper is about SDF, not fluoride as such (one pass only) — measured: tooth survival time after silver diamine fluoride treatment, accelerated failure time model2026-10-12
- PMID:41606420no claim extracted — design_has_no_evidence_type2026-10-12
- PMID:42418227no claim extracted — cause not determined — DOSED: silver diamine fluoride (Medicaid claims code D1354); a policy and claims-utilization study, no fluoride exposure tested on a health outcome2026-10-12
- PMID:35104291no claim extracted — cause not determined — DOSED: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) or SDF plus fluoride varnish, topical, Methods/Results Table 1; comparators placebo, ART, ART+FV2026-10-11
- PMID:39508296no claim extracted — cause not determined — DOSED: Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF), abstract; comparators include placebo, no treatment, fluoride varnish, sealants and ART (one pass only) — measured: caries increment per surface, new root caries, and caries arrest, pooled mean difference2026-10-11
- PMID:41612282no claim extracted — cause not determined — DOSED: Silver diamine fluoride (10-38% SDF), topical application to carious lesions, Methods/Results; comparator ART with glass ionomer cement (active) (one pass only) — measured: dental caries arrest rate per tooth or surface, probe hardness/absence of symptoms/ICDAS criteria, pooled risk ratio2026-10-11
and 19 more.
Discarded: an endpoint this vocabulary does not hold13 papers
- PMID:40043203no claim extracted — endpoint_near_miss — measured: full-scale raw score (unnormed) on WPPSI-III / WISC-IV, children; the full-scale IQ node names WAIS-RC adult scale | child full-scale IQ raw score on single instruments WPPSI-III (5 y) and WISC-IV (10 y), per doubling of urinary fluoride; node child-iq-across-unharmonised-instruments is a pooled standardised score2026-10-12
- PMID:40472824no claim extracted — no_outcome_node — measured: caries experience (proportion of 5-year-olds with caries), municipality-level ecological data | dental caries experience (proportion of 5-year-olds with caries), municipality-level aggregate2026-10-12
- PMID:41276066no claim extracted — no_outcome_node — measured: caries trajectory group membership, D2+MFS counts clustered by K-means for longitudinal data | caries trajectory group membership (high vs low) from D2+MFS counts, K-means for longitudinal data2026-10-12
- PMID:41693679no claim extracted — no_outcome_node — measured: time to first dental restoration (dental record procedure codes), Cox proportional hazards | time to first dental restoration, Cox proportional hazards hazard ratio2026-10-12
- PMID:42690660no claim extracted — no_outcome_node — measured: Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) internalizing and externalizing T scores, parent-report | child internalizing and externalizing behavioural problems, CBCL T scores2026-10-12
- PMID:37032523no claim extracted — no_outcome_node — measured: white spot lesion prevalence at debonding on subject level, clinical or photographic scoring (Gorelick, EDI), pooled risk ratio | prevalence of white spot lesions at debonding, subject level, Gorelick or EDI scoring from clinical photographs or examination2026-10-11
- PMID:38898439no claim extracted — no_outcome_node — measured: dental fluorosis severity by Thylstrup-Fejerskov (TF) index, relative risk of severe versus less severe categories | dental fluorosis severity, Thylstrup-Fejerskov index category (TF 5 or above versus TF 4 or below), relative risk by region2026-10-11
- PMID:38899538no claim extracted — no_outcome_node — measured: dental fluorosis prevalence in permanent teeth, risk ratio or odds ratio across five comparisons | prevalence of dental fluorosis in permanent teeth, RR or OR, children exposed to topical fluoride before age six2026-10-11
- PMID:39724489no claim extracted — no_outcome_node — measured: enamel surface microhardness recovery after acid erosion, in situ palatal appliance model with bovine enamel specimens, Knoop indentation | enamel surface microhardness recovery after dietary-acid erosion, Knoop microhardness, in situ palatal appliance; acid-resistance ratio2026-10-11
- PMID:39761023no claim extracted — no_outcome_node — measured: child IQ score across mixed intelligence instruments, pooled standardised mean difference | child IQ score pooled across unharmonised intelligence tests, SMD between exposure groups2026-10-11
- PMID:40604756no claim extracted — no_outcome_node — measured: incidence of initial enamel caries (white spot lesions) around orthodontic brackets, subject-level pooled risk difference | incidence of enamel caries (initial caries / white spot lesions) at subject level in orthodontic patients, risk difference2026-10-11
- PMID:41068882no claim extracted — no_outcome_node — measured: fracture risk (all fractures, fragility fractures) dose-response risk ratio by drinking water fluoride; hip and spine BMD mixed-method dose-response mean difference | fracture risk, all sites and fragility fractures (hip, femur, wrist), dose-response risk ratio per drinking-water fluoride concentration; BMD at hip or femur (hierarchy-selected site) and spine, dose-response mean difference2026-10-11
and 1 more.
Discarded: no extractable result10 papers
and 10 more.
Not read yet1,616 papers
- PMID:101016992026-10-11
- PMID:1026742026-10-11
- PMID:103406402026-10-11
- PMID:103699472026-10-11
- PMID:104364792026-10-11
- PMID:105056582026-10-11
- PMID:105226522026-10-11
- PMID:105613002026-10-11
- PMID:10568222026-10-11
- PMID:1056972026-10-11
- PMID:105739392026-10-11
- PMID:10616522026-10-11
and 1,604 more.
Measured, not recorded
- Compound
- fluoride
- Endpoints measured
- 483 endpoints
- Recorded as a finding
- No
Show what was measured
oral health-related quality of life (ECOHIS, COHIP-SF) after silver diamine fluoride, network meta-analysis, SDF versus placebo, ART and ART plus fluoride varnish
no effect
Not recorded as a finding: the comparison was against another active treatment
Pooled effects showed a difference in oral health-related quality of life that was not significantly different from zero (SMD = -0.06, 95% CI = -0.20, 0.08).
PMID:35104291 · one of two readings recorded this
Oral health-related quality of life, heterogeneity (Q test)
no effect, p = 0.95
I2 = 0.0%, Q = 0.75, p = 0.95
PMID:35104291 · one of two readings recorded this
Oral health-related quality of life, network meta-analysis
no effect
nor were there any differences between ART and placebo (MD = -0.01, 95% CI = -0.40, 0.38)
PMID:35104291 · one of two readings recorded this
Oral health-related quality of life, network meta-analysis
no effect
there were no differences in OHRQoL between children treated with SDF versus placebo (MD = 0.03, 95% CI = -0.16, 0.22)
PMID:35104291 · one of two readings recorded this
Oral health-related quality of life, network meta-analysis
no effect
or between SDF+FV versus ART+FV (MD = 0.16, 95% CI = -0.1, 0.42)
PMID:35104291 · one of two readings recorded this
Oral health-related quality of life, network meta-analysis
no effect
atraumatic restorative treatments (MD = 0.02, 95% CI = -0.32, 0.36)
PMID:35104291 · one of two readings recorded this
oral health-related quality of life on ECOHIS and COHIP, pooled standardised mean difference, SDF versus placebo, ART and ART plus fluoride varnish
no effect, SMD -0.06 (95% CI -0.20, 0.08)
Not recorded as a finding: subject_absent
Pooled effects showed a difference in oral health-related quality of life that was not significantly different from zero (SMD = -0.06, 95% CI = -0.20, 0.08).
PMID:35104291 · one of two readings recorded this
Oral health-related quality of life, pooled across comparators
no effect
Pooled effects showed a difference in oral health-related quality of life that was not significantly different from zero (SMD = -0.06, 95% CI = -0.20, 0.08)
PMID:35104291 · one of two readings recorded this
Treatment ranking P-score for oral health-related quality of life
no effect
the standard placebo had the highest P-score (0.5689), followed by ART (0.5095) and SDF (0.4216)
PMID:35104291 · one of two readings recorded this
prevalence of white spot lesions at debonding on subject level during fixed orthodontic appliance treatment, pooled risk ratio, fluoride varnish versus placebo, standard care or sealant
Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint
Using a random effects model, the risk ratio was 0.64 (95% CI: 0.42, 0.98) demonstrating a favourable effect of the FV intervention (P < 0.05).
PMID:37032523 · one of two readings recorded this
prevalence of white spot lesions at debonding on subject level during fixed orthodontic appliance treatment, scored by Gorelick or EDI index, pooled risk ratio
decreases, pooled risk ratio 0.64 (95% CI 0.42, 0.98)
Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint
Using a random effects model, the risk ratio was 0.64 (95% CI: 0.42, 0.98) demonstrating a favourable effect of the FV intervention (P < 0.05).
PMID:37032523 · one of two readings recorded this
WSL clinical score (mean values), standard mean difference
decreases, p = 0.05, n = 258
The standard mean difference between the test and control groups based on 258 patients was −0.44 (−0.64, −0.24; P < 0.05)
PMID:37032523 · one of two readings recorded this
WSL incidence during treatment, subject level
decreases
Stecksen-Blicks, 2007 | 0.1% DFS | Placebo | 6 weeks (n = 10) | 12/30 | 7/26 | <0.05
PMID:37032523 · one of two readings recorded this
WSL incidence during treatment, subject level
decreases, p = 0.05
Sonesson, 2020 | 1.5% AmF | Placebo | 6 weeks (n = 13) | 42/44 | 12/26 D | NS/ D <0.05
PMID:37032523 · one of two readings recorded this
WSL incidence during treatment, subject level
no effect
Rechmann, 2018 | 5% NaF+MI A | Standard care B | 3 months (n = 4) | 54/55 C | 32/41 C | NS
PMID:37032523 · one of two readings recorded this
WSL incidence during treatment, subject level
no effect
Grocholewicz, 2022 | 5% NaF | Standard care | 4 weeks (n = 12) | 17/27 | 17/27 | NS
PMID:37032523 · one of two readings recorded this
WSL incidence during treatment, subject level
no effect
Flynn, 2022 | 5% NaF+MI | Sealants | 4–6 weeks (n = 8–12) | 35/50 | 35/50 | NS
PMID:37032523 · one of two readings recorded this
WSL prevalence at debonding, subject level (pooled)
decreases, p = 0.05
Using a random effects model, the risk ratio was 0.64 (95% CI: 0.42, 0.98) demonstrating a favourable effect of the FV intervention (P < 0.05)
PMID:37032523 · one of two readings recorded this
WSL prevalence at debonding, subject level
decreases, p = 0.05
Stecksen-Blicks, 2007 | 0.1% DFS | Placebo | 6 weeks (n = 10) | 12/30 | 7/26 | <0.05
PMID:37032523 · one of two readings recorded this
WSL prevalence at debonding, subject level
no effect
Sonesson, 2020 | 1.5% AmF | Placebo | 6 weeks (n = 13) | 42/44 | 12/26 D | NS/ D <0.05
PMID:37032523 · one of two readings recorded this
WSL prevalence at debonding, subject level
no effect
Rechmann, 2018 | 5% NaF+MI A | Standard care B | 3 months (n = 4) | 54/55 C | 32/41 C | NS
PMID:37032523 · one of two readings recorded this
WSL prevalence at debonding, subject level
no effect
Grocholewicz, 2022 | 5% NaF | Standard care | 4 weeks (n = 12) | 17/27 | 17/27 | NS
PMID:37032523 · one of two readings recorded this
WSL prevalence at debonding, subject level
no effect
Sardana, 2022 | 5% NaF | Standard care | 4 weeks (n = 18) | 10/18 | NR | NS
PMID:37032523 · one of two readings recorded this
WSL prevalence at debonding, subject level
decreases, p = 0.05
Zarif Najafi, 2021 | 5% NaF | Placebo | 3 months (n = 4) | 23/32 C | NR | <0.05
PMID:37032523 · one of two readings recorded this
WSL prevalence at debonding, subject level
no effect
Flynn, 2022 | 5% NaF+MI | Sealants | 4–6 weeks (n = 8–12) | 35/50 | 35/50 | NS
PMID:37032523 · one of two readings recorded this
Correlation between fluoride intake and fluoride concentration of nail clippings
increases, n = 11
a strong correlation of 0.938 (95% CI: 0.520-1.355, n = 11)
PMID:37673037 · one of two readings recorded this
Correlation between fluoride intake and fluoride concentration of spot urine
increases, n = 25
a moderate correlation of 0.674 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.623-0.725, n = 25)
PMID:37673037 · one of two readings recorded this
Correlation between fluoride intake and fluoride/creatinine ratio of spot urine
increases, n = 2
(0.929; 95% CI: 0.502-0.991; n = 2)
PMID:37673037 · one of two readings recorded this
Prevalence of less severe dental fluorosis (<= TF 4) relative risk
decreases
corresponding to ≤ TF 4, in comparison with the North region (0.01) [0.00, 0.52]
PMID:38898439 · one of two readings recorded this
Prevalence of severe dental fluorosis (>= TF 5) relative risk
increases
In North region it was observed a higher prevalence of severe TF cases, corresponding to ≥ TF 5 category (4.78) [3.55, 6.42]
PMID:38898439 · one of two readings recorded this
dental fluorosis in permanent teeth
no effect
RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.31
PMID:38899538 · one of two readings recorded this
dental fluorosis in permanent teeth
no effect
OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.28
PMID:38899538 · one of two readings recorded this
dental fluorosis in permanent teeth
decreases
OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.74
PMID:38899538 · one of two readings recorded this
dental fluorosis in permanent teeth
no effect
OR 1.63, 95% CI 0.81 to 3.28
PMID:38899538 · one of two readings recorded this
dental fluorosis in permanent teeth
no effect
OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.46
PMID:38899538 · one of two readings recorded this
dental fluorosis in permanent teeth
decreases
440 ppm fluoride versus 1450 ppm (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.89
PMID:38899538 · one of two readings recorded this
dental fluorosis in permanent teeth
decreases
550 parts per million (ppm) fluoride versus 1000 ppm (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.99
PMID:38899538 · one of two readings recorded this
dental fluorosis in permanent teeth
no effect
OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.52
PMID:38899538 · one of two readings recorded this
dental fluorosis in permanent teeth
increases
OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.46 to 3.25
PMID:38899538 · one of two readings recorded this
dental fluorosis in permanent teeth
no effect
risk ratio (RR) 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81 to 1.18
PMID:38899538 · one of two readings recorded this
dental fluorosis in permanent teeth
no effect
RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.13
PMID:38899538 · one of two readings recorded this
dental fluorosis in permanent teeth
no effect
odds ratio (OR) 1.60, 95% CI 0.77 to 3.35
PMID:38899538 · one of two readings recorded this
Adverse effects
unclear, n = 1299
for adverse effects (5 studies, 1299 participants)
PMID:39508296 · one of two readings recorded this
Adverse effects
unclear, n = 980
we were unsure of adverse effects (3 studies, 980 children)
PMID:39508296 · one of two readings recorded this
Caries arrest
increases, n = 841
MD 0.86 surfaces, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.33; 2 studies, 841 participants
PMID:39508296 · one of two readings recorded this
New root caries (change in caries increment)
decreases, n = 439
mean difference (MD) -0.79 surfaces, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.40 to -0.17; 3 studies, 439 participants
PMID:39508296 · one of two readings recorded this
Prevention of new caries
unclear, n = 373
SDF may help prevent new caries in the primary dentition (1 study, 373 participants)
PMID:39508296 · one of two readings recorded this
Prevention of new caries
no effect, n = 434
MD 0.00, 95% CI -0.26 to 0.26; 1 study, 434 participants
PMID:39508296 · one of two readings recorded this
root caries increment (new decayed or filled root surfaces) with topical silver diamine fluoride versus placebo or no treatment, pooled mean difference
decreases, MD -0.79 surfaces, 95% CI -1.40 to -0.17, 3 studies, moderate certainty
Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint
SDF likely prevents new root caries (mean difference (MD) -0.79 surfaces, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.40 to -0.17; 3 studies, 439 participants; moderate-certainty evidence).
PMID:39508296 · one of two readings recorded this
Demineralisation inhibition (acid resistance ratio, ARR) difference
increases, p = 0.001
F/non-SLS vs. non-SLS | PNP110 | PNP000 | 8.8 | 0.6 | < 0.001 | 36.2 | 3.1 | < 0.001 | 0.27 | 0.03 | < 0.001
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Demineralisation inhibition (acid resistance ratio, ARR) difference
no effect, p = 0.715
F/SLS vs. F/SLS/PP | AQF110 | C3D110 | 9.9 | 3.1 | 0.004 | 15.0 | 12.8 | 0.256 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.715
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Demineralisation inhibition (acid resistance ratio, ARR) difference
no effect, p = 0.212
F/SLS vs. F/Sn-Zn/SLS/LPP | AQF110 | CPH110 | 14.6 | 3.1 | < 0.001 | −2.1 | 12.6 | 0.869 | −0.16 | 0.12 | 0.212
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Demineralisation inhibition (acid resistance ratio, ARR) difference
no effect, p = 0.528
F/SLS vs. F/Sn-Zn/SLS | AQF110 | CPS110 | 6.6 | 3.2 | 0.053 | 0.4 | 13.4 | 0.976 | −0.08 | 0.13 | 0.528
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Demineralisation inhibition (acid resistance ratio, ARR) difference
no effect, p = 0.854
F/SLS vs. MFP/SLS | AQF140 | CRB140 | 6.4 | 3.3 | 0.065 | 5.5 | 13.1 | 0.675 | −0.02 | 0.13 | 0.854
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Demineralisation inhibition (acid resistance ratio, ARR) difference
no effect, p = 0.234
F/non-SLS vs. F/SLS (across F concentrations) | PNP110 + PNP140 | AQF110 + AQF140 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 0.382 | 12.3 | 9.3 | 0.198 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.234
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Demineralisation inhibition (acid resistance ratio, ARR) difference
no effect, p = 0.637
F/non-SLS vs. F/SLS/PO4/Carb (across F concentrations) | PNP110 + PNP140 | CCP110 + CCP140 | 3.3 | 0.9 | 0.006 | 5.7 | 4.8 | 0.253 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.637
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Demineralisation inhibition (acid resistance ratio, ARR) difference
no effect, p = 0.414
F/SLS vs. F/SLS/PO4/Carb (across F concentrations) | AQF110 + AQF140 | CCP110 + CCP140 | 1.0 | 2.8 | 0.734 | −6.6 | 10.0 | 0.517 | −0.08 | 0.09 | 0.414
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Demineralisation inhibition (acid resistance ratio, ARR) difference
no effect, p = 0.199
F/non-SLS/Lac-PVMMA vs. F/SLS/PP | PIR110 | C3D110 | 10.9 | 2.2 | 0.001 | 25.6 | 11.8 | 0.046 | 0.16 | 0.12 | 0.199
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Demineralisation inhibition (acid resistance ratio, ARR) difference
no effect, p = 0.608
F/non-SLS/Lac-PVMMA vs. F/SLS/PO4/Carb | PIR110 | CCP110 | −0.2 | 1.9 | 0.919 | 3.2 | 10.0 | 0.754 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.608
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Demineralisation inhibition (acid resistance ratio, ARR) difference
no effect, p = 0.729
F/non-SLS/Lac-PVMMA vs. F/Sn-Zn/SLS/LPP | PIR110 | CPH110 | 15.6 | 2.2 | < 0.001 | 8.5 | 11.7 | 0.478 | −0.04 | 0.12 | 0.729
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Demineralisation inhibition (acid resistance ratio, ARR) difference
no effect, p = 0.099
F/non-SLS vs. F/SLS/PP | PNP110 | C3D110 | 12.1 | 1.4 | < 0.001 | 27.4 | 8.0 | 0.004 | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.099
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Demineralisation inhibition (acid resistance ratio, ARR) difference
no effect, p = 0.467
F/non-SLS vs. F/SLS/PO4/Carb | PNP110 | CCP110 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.346 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 0.329 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.467
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Demineralisation inhibition (acid resistance ratio, ARR) difference
no effect, p = 0.51
F/non-SLS vs. F/Sn-Zn/LPP | PNP110 | CPH110 | 16.8 | 1.5 | < 0.001 | 10.3 | 7.8 | 0.209 | −0.06 | 0.08 | 0.510
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Demineralisation inhibition (acid resistance ratio, ARR) difference
no effect, p = 0.831
F/non-SLS vs. F/Sn-Zn/SLS | PNP110 | CPS110 | 8.8 | 1.7 | 0.001 | 12.8 | 9.2 | 0.181 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.831
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Demineralisation inhibition (acid resistance ratio, ARR) difference
no effect, p = 0.159
F/non-SLS vs. MFP/SLS/Zn/Cit | PNP110 | CSM110 | 12.9 | 1.4 | < 0.001 | 26.8 | 8.0 | 0.005 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.159
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Demineralisation inhibition (acid resistance ratio, ARR) difference
no effect, p = 0.883
F/non-SLS s F/non-SLS/ Lac-PVMMA | PNP110 | PIR110 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 0.497 | 1.8 | 9.2 | 0.846 | −0.01 | 0.09 | 0.883
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Demineralisation inhibition (acid resistance ratio, ARR) difference
no effect, p = 0.099
F/non-SLS vs. F/non-SLS/PP | PNP110 | PPH110 | 9.0 | 1.4 | < 0.001 | 24.2 | 8.0 | 0.009 | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.099
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Demineralisation inhibition (acid resistance ratio, ARR) difference
no effect, p = 0.406
F/non-SLS vs. MFP/SLS | PNP140 | CRB140 | 8.9 | 1.9 | < 0.001 | 17.7 | 8.4 | 0.051 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.406
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Demineralisation inhibition (acid resistance ratio, ARR) difference
no effect, p = 0.164
Paste alone vs. Paste + Rinse (across F concentrations) | PNP110 + PNP140 | PNP112 + PNP144 | −2.4 | 1.1 | 0.043 | −10.1 | 5.1 | 0.067 | −0.08 | 0.05 | 0.164
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Demineralisation inhibition (ARR) non-linearity of fluoride dose-response (plateau at 1007ppm)
modulates, p = 0.029
This was a significant non-linear fluoride effect (p = 0.029); the additional exploratory NMA model suggested demineralisation inhibition reached a plateau at 1007ppm
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
in situ remineralisation of eroded bovine enamel specimens in palatal appliances, surface microhardness recovery (SMHR, Knoop microhardness) and acid resistance ratio (ARR), fluoride toothpaste versus fluoride-free placebo toothpaste
increases, 1150 ppm F as NaF toothpaste vs non-fluoride placebo: SMHR +8.8% (SE 0.6%), ARR +0.27 (SE 0.03)
Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint
The mean (standard error) increases from addition of the 1150 ppm F as NaF were 8.8% (0.6%) for remineralisation (%SMHR), 0.27 (0.03) for demineralisation inhibition (ARR), and 36.2% (3.1%) for overall enamel protection (%RER) (all p < 0.001; see Table 4).
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall enamel protection (relative enamel erosion resistance, %RER) difference
increases, p = 0.001
F/non-SLS vs. non-SLS | PNP110 | PNP000 | 8.8 | 0.6 | < 0.001 | 36.2 | 3.1 | < 0.001 | 0.27 | 0.03 | < 0.001
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall enamel protection (relative enamel erosion resistance, %RER) difference
no effect, p = 0.256
F/SLS vs. F/SLS/PP | AQF110 | C3D110 | 9.9 | 3.1 | 0.004 | 15.0 | 12.8 | 0.256 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.715
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall enamel protection (relative enamel erosion resistance, %RER) difference
no effect, p = 0.869
F/SLS vs. F/Sn-Zn/SLS/LPP | AQF110 | CPH110 | 14.6 | 3.1 | < 0.001 | −2.1 | 12.6 | 0.869 | −0.16 | 0.12 | 0.212
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall enamel protection (relative enamel erosion resistance, %RER) difference
no effect, p = 0.976
F/SLS vs. F/Sn-Zn/SLS | AQF110 | CPS110 | 6.6 | 3.2 | 0.053 | 0.4 | 13.4 | 0.976 | −0.08 | 0.13 | 0.528
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall enamel protection (relative enamel erosion resistance, %RER) difference
no effect, p = 0.675
F/SLS vs. MFP/SLS | AQF140 | CRB140 | 6.4 | 3.3 | 0.065 | 5.5 | 13.1 | 0.675 | −0.02 | 0.13 | 0.854
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall enamel protection (relative enamel erosion resistance, %RER) difference
no effect, p = 0.198
F/non-SLS vs. F/SLS (across F concentrations) | PNP110 + PNP140 | AQF110 + AQF140 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 0.382 | 12.3 | 9.3 | 0.198 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.234
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall enamel protection (relative enamel erosion resistance, %RER) difference
no effect, p = 0.253
F/non-SLS vs. F/SLS/PO4/Carb (across F concentrations) | PNP110 + PNP140 | CCP110 + CCP140 | 3.3 | 0.9 | 0.006 | 5.7 | 4.8 | 0.253 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.637
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall enamel protection (relative enamel erosion resistance, %RER) difference
no effect, p = 0.517
F/SLS vs. F/SLS/PO4/Carb (across F concentrations) | AQF110 + AQF140 | CCP110 + CCP140 | 1.0 | 2.8 | 0.734 | −6.6 | 10.0 | 0.517 | −0.08 | 0.09 | 0.414
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall enamel protection (relative enamel erosion resistance, %RER) difference
increases, p = 0.046
F/non-SLS/Lac-PVMMA vs. F/SLS/PP | PIR110 | C3D110 | 10.9 | 2.2 | 0.001 | 25.6 | 11.8 | 0.046 | 0.16 | 0.12 | 0.199
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall enamel protection (relative enamel erosion resistance, %RER) difference
no effect, p = 0.754
F/non-SLS/Lac-PVMMA vs. F/SLS/PO4/Carb | PIR110 | CCP110 | −0.2 | 1.9 | 0.919 | 3.2 | 10.0 | 0.754 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.608
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall enamel protection (relative enamel erosion resistance, %RER) difference
no effect, p = 0.478
F/non-SLS/Lac-PVMMA vs. F/Sn-Zn/SLS/LPP | PIR110 | CPH110 | 15.6 | 2.2 | < 0.001 | 8.5 | 11.7 | 0.478 | −0.04 | 0.12 | 0.729
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall enamel protection (relative enamel erosion resistance, %RER) difference
increases, p = 0.004
F/non-SLS vs. F/SLS/PP | PNP110 | C3D110 | 12.1 | 1.4 | < 0.001 | 27.4 | 8.0 | 0.004 | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.099
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall enamel protection (relative enamel erosion resistance, %RER) difference
no effect, p = 0.329
F/non-SLS vs. F/SLS/PO4/Carb | PNP110 | CCP110 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.346 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 0.329 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.467
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall enamel protection (relative enamel erosion resistance, %RER) difference
no effect, p = 0.209
F/non-SLS vs. F/Sn-Zn/LPP | PNP110 | CPH110 | 16.8 | 1.5 | < 0.001 | 10.3 | 7.8 | 0.209 | −0.06 | 0.08 | 0.510
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall enamel protection (relative enamel erosion resistance, %RER) difference
no effect, p = 0.181
F/non-SLS vs. F/Sn-Zn/SLS | PNP110 | CPS110 | 8.8 | 1.7 | 0.001 | 12.8 | 9.2 | 0.181 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.831
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall enamel protection (relative enamel erosion resistance, %RER) difference
increases, p = 0.005
F/non-SLS vs. MFP/SLS/Zn/Cit | PNP110 | CSM110 | 12.9 | 1.4 | < 0.001 | 26.8 | 8.0 | 0.005 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.159
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall enamel protection (relative enamel erosion resistance, %RER) difference
no effect, p = 0.846
F/non-SLS s F/non-SLS/ Lac-PVMMA | PNP110 | PIR110 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 0.497 | 1.8 | 9.2 | 0.846 | −0.01 | 0.09 | 0.883
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall enamel protection (relative enamel erosion resistance, %RER) difference
increases, p = 0.009
F/non-SLS vs. F/non-SLS/PP | PNP110 | PPH110 | 9.0 | 1.4 | < 0.001 | 24.2 | 8.0 | 0.009 | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.099
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall enamel protection (relative enamel erosion resistance, %RER) difference
no effect, p = 0.051
F/non-SLS vs. MFP/SLS | PNP140 | CRB140 | 8.9 | 1.9 | < 0.001 | 17.7 | 8.4 | 0.051 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.406
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall enamel protection (relative enamel erosion resistance, %RER) difference
no effect, p = 0.067
Paste alone vs. Paste + Rinse (across F concentrations) | PNP110 + PNP140 | PNP112 + PNP144 | −2.4 | 1.1 | 0.043 | −10.1 | 5.1 | 0.067 | −0.08 | 0.05 | 0.164
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall enamel protection (%RER) at 1150ppm F toothpaste
The RER also reflected this non-linear pattern with similar means for 1426ppm (−30.1%) and 1150ppm (−30.4%) F toothpaste
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall enamel protection (%RER) at 1426ppm F toothpaste
The RER also reflected this non-linear pattern with similar means for 1426ppm (−30.1%) and 1150ppm (−30.4%) F toothpaste
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Overall enamel protection (%RER) non-linearity of fluoride dose-response (plateau at 1078ppm)
modulates, p = 0.015
A significant non-linear fluoride effect (p = 0.015) was observed in the additional exploratory NMA model suggesting RER reached a plateau at 1078ppm
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Remineralisation (%SMHR) non-linearity of fluoride dose-response
no effect, p = 0.427
The additional exploratory NMA model also did not indicate a non-linear fluoride dose-response for remineralisation (p = 0.427)
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Remineralisation (%SMHR) per 100ppm increase in toothpaste fluoride
increases, p = 0.001
The mean (95% CI) increase in SMHR per 100ppm increase in fluoride level was 0.7% (0.6–0.9%), p < 0.001
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Remineralisation (surface microhardness recovery, %SMHR) difference
increases, p = 0.001
F/non-SLS vs. non-SLS | PNP110 | PNP000 | 8.8 | 0.6 | < 0.001 | 36.2 | 3.1 | < 0.001 | 0.27 | 0.03 | < 0.001
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Remineralisation (surface microhardness recovery, %SMHR) difference
increases, p = 0.004
F/SLS vs. F/SLS/PP | AQF110 | C3D110 | 9.9 | 3.1 | 0.004 | 15.0 | 12.8 | 0.256 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.715
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Remineralisation (surface microhardness recovery, %SMHR) difference
increases, p = 0.001
F/SLS vs. F/Sn-Zn/SLS/LPP | AQF110 | CPH110 | 14.6 | 3.1 | < 0.001 | −2.1 | 12.6 | 0.869 | −0.16 | 0.12 | 0.212
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Remineralisation (surface microhardness recovery, %SMHR) difference
no effect, p = 0.053
F/SLS vs. F/Sn-Zn/SLS | AQF110 | CPS110 | 6.6 | 3.2 | 0.053 | 0.4 | 13.4 | 0.976 | −0.08 | 0.13 | 0.528
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Remineralisation (surface microhardness recovery, %SMHR) difference
no effect, p = 0.065
F/SLS vs. MFP/SLS | AQF140 | CRB140 | 6.4 | 3.3 | 0.065 | 5.5 | 13.1 | 0.675 | −0.02 | 0.13 | 0.854
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Remineralisation (surface microhardness recovery, %SMHR) difference
no effect, p = 0.382
F/non-SLS vs. F/SLS (across F concentrations) | PNP110 + PNP140 | AQF110 + AQF140 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 0.382 | 12.3 | 9.3 | 0.198 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.234
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Remineralisation (surface microhardness recovery, %SMHR) difference
increases, p = 0.006
F/non-SLS vs. F/SLS/PO4/Carb (across F concentrations) | PNP110 + PNP140 | CCP110 + CCP140 | 3.3 | 0.9 | 0.006 | 5.7 | 4.8 | 0.253 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.637
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Remineralisation (surface microhardness recovery, %SMHR) difference
no effect, p = 0.734
F/SLS vs. F/SLS/PO4/Carb (across F concentrations) | AQF110 + AQF140 | CCP110 + CCP140 | 1.0 | 2.8 | 0.734 | −6.6 | 10.0 | 0.517 | −0.08 | 0.09 | 0.414
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Remineralisation (surface microhardness recovery, %SMHR) difference
increases, p = 0.001
F/non-SLS/Lac-PVMMA vs. F/SLS/PP | PIR110 | C3D110 | 10.9 | 2.2 | 0.001 | 25.6 | 11.8 | 0.046 | 0.16 | 0.12 | 0.199
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Remineralisation (surface microhardness recovery, %SMHR) difference
no effect, p = 0.919
F/non-SLS/Lac-PVMMA vs. F/SLS/PO4/Carb | PIR110 | CCP110 | −0.2 | 1.9 | 0.919 | 3.2 | 10.0 | 0.754 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.608
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Remineralisation (surface microhardness recovery, %SMHR) difference
increases, p = 0.001
F/non-SLS/Lac-PVMMA vs. F/Sn-Zn/SLS/LPP | PIR110 | CPH110 | 15.6 | 2.2 | < 0.001 | 8.5 | 11.7 | 0.478 | −0.04 | 0.12 | 0.729
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Remineralisation (surface microhardness recovery, %SMHR) difference
increases, p = 0.001
F/non-SLS vs. F/SLS/PP | PNP110 | C3D110 | 12.1 | 1.4 | < 0.001 | 27.4 | 8.0 | 0.004 | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.099
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Remineralisation (surface microhardness recovery, %SMHR) difference
no effect, p = 0.346
F/non-SLS vs. F/SLS/PO4/Carb | PNP110 | CCP110 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.346 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 0.329 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.467
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Remineralisation (surface microhardness recovery, %SMHR) difference
increases, p = 0.001
F/non-SLS vs. F/Sn-Zn/LPP | PNP110 | CPH110 | 16.8 | 1.5 | < 0.001 | 10.3 | 7.8 | 0.209 | −0.06 | 0.08 | 0.510
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Remineralisation (surface microhardness recovery, %SMHR) difference
increases, p = 0.001
F/non-SLS vs. F/Sn-Zn/SLS | PNP110 | CPS110 | 8.8 | 1.7 | 0.001 | 12.8 | 9.2 | 0.181 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.831
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Remineralisation (surface microhardness recovery, %SMHR) difference
increases, p = 0.001
F/non-SLS vs. MFP/SLS/Zn/Cit | PNP110 | CSM110 | 12.9 | 1.4 | < 0.001 | 26.8 | 8.0 | 0.005 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.159
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Remineralisation (surface microhardness recovery, %SMHR) difference
no effect, p = 0.497
F/non-SLS s F/non-SLS/ Lac-PVMMA | PNP110 | PIR110 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 0.497 | 1.8 | 9.2 | 0.846 | −0.01 | 0.09 | 0.883
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Remineralisation (surface microhardness recovery, %SMHR) difference
increases, p = 0.001
F/non-SLS vs. F/non-SLS/PP | PNP110 | PPH110 | 9.0 | 1.4 | < 0.001 | 24.2 | 8.0 | 0.009 | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.099
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Remineralisation (surface microhardness recovery, %SMHR) difference
increases, p = 0.001
F/non-SLS vs. MFP/SLS | PNP140 | CRB140 | 8.9 | 1.9 | < 0.001 | 17.7 | 8.4 | 0.051 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.406
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
Remineralisation (surface microhardness recovery, %SMHR) difference
decreases, p = 0.043
Paste alone vs. Paste + Rinse (across F concentrations) | PNP110 + PNP140 | PNP112 + PNP144 | −2.4 | 1.1 | 0.043 | −10.1 | 5.1 | 0.067 | −0.08 | 0.05 | 0.164
PMID:39724489 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, dose-response linear model SMD, urinary fluoride
decreases, p = 0.001
All data | 20 | 32 | 9756 | −0.15 (−0.23 to −0.07) | <.001
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, dose-response linear model SMD, urinary fluoride
decreases, p = 0.04
<1.5 | 5 | 8 | 4219 | −0.08 (−0.15 to −0.003) |.04
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, dose-response linear model SMD, urinary fluoride
decreases, p = 0.04
<2 | 6 | 10 | 4692 | −0.08 (−0.15 to −0.005) |.04
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, dose-response linear model SMD, urinary fluoride
decreases, p = 0.001
<4 | 14 | 25 | 8019 | −0.20 (−0.31 to −0.08) |.001
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, dose-response linear model SMD, urinary fluoride
decreases, p = 0.01
All data | 10 | 14 | 6847 | −0.13 (−0.23 to −0.03) |.01
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, dose-response linear model SMD, urinary fluoride
decreases, p = 0.04
<1.5 | 4 | 7 | 4179 | −0.08 (−0.15 to −0.002) |.04
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, dose-response linear model SMD, urinary fluoride
decreases, p = 0.04
<2 | 4 | 7 | 4179 | −0.08 (−0.15 to −0.002) |.04
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, dose-response linear model SMD, urinary fluoride
decreases, p = 0.01
<4 | 10 | 14 | 6847 | −0.13 (−0.23 to −0.03) |.01
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, dose-response linear model SMD, water fluoride
decreases, p = 0.001
All data | 31 | 41 | 12 487 | −0.15 (−0.20 to −0.11) | <.001
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, dose-response linear model SMD, water fluoride
no effect, p = 0.82
<1.5 | 7 | 7 | 2832 | 0.05 (−0.36 to 0.45) |.82
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, dose-response linear model SMD, water fluoride
no effect, p = 0.1
<2 | 8 | 10 | 3682 | −0.18 (−0.40 to 0.03) |.10
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, dose-response linear model SMD, water fluoride
decreases, p = 0.001
<4 | 23 | 29 | 9554 | −0.22 (−0.27 to −0.17) | <.001
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, dose-response linear model SMD, water fluoride
decreases, p = 0.001
All data | 7 | 12 | 5066 | −0.21 (−0.33 to −0.09) |.001
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, dose-response linear model SMD, water fluoride
no effect, p = 0.28
<1.5 | 3 | 3 | 879 | −0.32 (−0.91 to 0.26) |.28
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, dose-response linear model SMD, water fluoride
decreases, p = 0.001
<2 | 4 | 5 | 1632 | −0.33 (−0.53 to −0.13) |.001
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, dose-response linear model SMD, water fluoride
decreases, p = 0.001
<4 | 7 | 10 | 4962 | −0.23 (−0.34 to −0.11) | <.001
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, pooled SMD, group-level exposure
decreases
≥10 | 17 | −0.52 (−0.67 to −0.37) | <.001 | 71
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, pooled SMD, group-level exposure
decreases
<10 a | 14 | −0.38 (−0.57 to −0.19) | <.001 | 82
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, pooled SMD, group-level exposure
decreases
CRT-RC | 31 | −0.35 (−0.45 to −0.25) | <.001 | 85
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, pooled SMD, group-level exposure
decreases
Non–CRT-RC tests | 28 | −0.59 (−0.88 to −0.29) | <.001 | 96
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, pooled SMD, group-level exposure
decreases
Other tests | 16 | −0.52 (−0.72 to −0.32) | <.001 | 87
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, pooled SMD, group-level exposure
no effect
Raven tests | 12 | −0.72 (−1.48 to 0.04) | <.001 | 99
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, pooled SMD, group-level exposure
no effect
Canada | 2 | 0.01 (−0.14 to 0.16) | NA | 0
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, pooled SMD, group-level exposure
decreases
China | 41 | −0.42 (−0.51 to −0.33) | <.001 | 86
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, pooled SMD, group-level exposure
no effect
India | 8 | −1.09 (−2.23 to 0.06) | <.001 | 98
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, pooled SMD, group-level exposure
decreases
Iran | 4 | −0.68 (−0.99 to −0.38) |.08 | 57
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, pooled SMD, group-level exposure
no effect
New Zealand | 1 | 0.01 (−0.19 to 0.22) | NA | NA
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, pooled SMD, group-level exposure
no effect
Pakistan | 2 | 0.10 (−0.57 to 0.77) |.01 | 83
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, pooled SMD, group-level exposure
no effect
Taiwan | 1 | 0.10 (−0.10 to 0.29) | NA | NA
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, pooled SMD, group-level exposure
no effect
Dental fluorosis | 9 | −0.86 (−1.91 to 0.19) |.11 | 99
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, pooled SMD, group-level exposure
decreases
Other exposures b | 16 | −0.54 (−0.71 to −0.37) | <.001 | 81
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, pooled SMD, group-level exposure
decreases
Water fluoride | 34 | −0.35 (−0.45 to −0.24) | <.001 | 87
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, pooled SMD, group-level exposure
decreases, p = 0.001
Among the high risk-of-bias studies, the random-effects pooled SMD was −0.52 (95% CI, −0.68 to −0.37; P <.001)
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, pooled SMD, group-level exposure
decreases, p = 0.01
Among the low risk-of-bias studies, the random-effects pooled SMD was −0.19 (95% CI, −0.35 to −0.04; P =.01)
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, pooled SMD, group-level exposure
decreases
Female | 15 | −0.45 (−0.65 to −0.25) | <.001 | 78
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, pooled SMD, group-level exposure
decreases
Male | 16 | −0.53 (−0.77 to −0.29) | <.001 | 88
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, pooled SMD, group-level fluoride exposure (higher vs lower)
decreases, p = 0.001
children exposed to higher fluoride levels had statistically significantly lower IQ scores (random-effects pooled SMD, −0.45; 95% CI, −0.57 to −0.33; P <.001)
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, pooled SMD, trim-and-fill adjusted
decreases
or 17 studies to the left side (adjusted SMD, –0.63; 95% CI, –0.76 to –0.50)
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, pooled SMD, trim-and-fill adjusted
decreases
supported the statistically significant inverse association after imputation of 2 additional studies to the right side (adjusted SMD, –0.39; 95% CI, −0.58 to −0.20)
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ, pooled SMD, trim-and-fill adjusted
decreases
the trim-and-fill analysis had an adjusted pooled SMD of −0.47 (95% CI, −0.72 to −0.23)
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
children's IQ scores across mixed tests (CRT-RC, Raven, others), pooled standardised mean difference between higher and lower fluoride exposure groups, and IQ points per 1 mg/L urinary fluoride
decreases, pooled SMD -0.45 (95% CI -0.57 to -0.33), n = 20932
Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint
The meta-analysis of 59 studies (47 high risk of bias, 12 low risk of bias; n = 20 932 children) that provided mean IQ scores showed that, when compared with children exposed to lower fluoride levels, children exposed to higher fluoride levels had statistically significantly lower IQ scores (random-effects pooled SMD, −0.45; 95% CI, −0.57 to −0.33; P <.001)
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
IQ change per 1-mg/L fluoride, regression slopes
decreases
Intake | 2 | −3.87 (−7.15 to −0.59) |.74 | 0
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
IQ change per 1-mg/L fluoride, regression slopes
decreases
CRT-RC | 9 | −1.19 (−1.75 to −0.63) |.34 | 27
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
IQ change per 1-mg/L fluoride, regression slopes
decreases
Non-CRT-RC tests | 4 | −2.32 (−4.26 to −0.37) |.03 | 66
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
IQ change per 1-mg/L fluoride, regression slopes
no effect
Canada | 1 | −1.95 (−5.19 to 1.28) | NA | NA
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
IQ change per 1-mg/L fluoride, regression slopes
decreases
China | 8 | −1.20 (−1.79 to −0.61) |.25 | 31
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
IQ change per 1-mg/L fluoride, regression slopes
no effect
Denmark | 1 | 0.26 (−2.02 to 2.54) | NA | NA
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
IQ change per 1-mg/L fluoride, regression slopes
decreases
Mexico | 1 | −4.02 (−7.22 to −0.82) | NA | NA
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
IQ change per 1-mg/L fluoride, regression slopes
decreases
Pakistan | 1 | −3.45 (−4.44 to −2.46) | NA | NA
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
IQ change per 1-mg/L fluoride, regression slopes
no effect
Taiwan | 1 | −1.22 (−3.64 to 1.21) | NA | NA
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
IQ change per 1-mg/L fluoride, regression slopes
decreases
Urinary fluoride | 13 | −1.63 (−2.33 to −0.93) | <.001 | 60
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
IQ change per 1-mg/L fluoride, regression slopes
decreases
High | 2 | −3.38 (−4.30 to −2.45) |.68 | 0
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
IQ change per 1-mg/L fluoride, regression slopes
no effect
Female | 3 | −1.07 (−2.20 to 0.05) |.33 | 0
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
IQ change per 1-mg/L fluoride, regression slopes
no effect
Male | 3 | −1.21 (−3.80 to 1.37) |.09 | 65
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
IQ change per 1-mg/L fluoride, regression slopes
decreases
Water fluoride | 2 | −4.77 (−9.09 to −0.45) |.71 | 0
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
IQ change per 1-mg/L fluoride, regression slopes
decreases
Postnatal | 10 | −1.65 (−2.39 to −0.90) | <.001 | 64
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
IQ change per 1-mg/L fluoride, regression slopes
no effect
Prenatal | 3 | −1.70 (−4.23 to 0.84) |.09 | 57
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
IQ score change per 1-mg/L increase in urinary fluoride, regression slopes, trim-and-fill adjusted
decreases
The trim-and-fill analysis had an adjusted estimate of −0.78 (95% CI, −1.33 to −0.22)
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
IQ score change per 1-mg/L increase in urinary fluoride, regression slopes
decreases, p = 0.001
a 1-mg/L increase in urinary fluoride was associated with a statistically significant decrease in IQ score of 1.63 points (95% CI, −2.33 to −0.93; P <.001)
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
IQ score change per 1-mg/L increase in urinary fluoride, regression slopes
decreases, p = 0.001
the decrease in IQ score was 1.14 points (95% CI, −1.68 to −0.61; P <.001)
PMID:39761023 · one of two readings recorded this
Correlation of drinking water iodine with drinking water fluoride at age 10
increases, p = 0.001, n = 100
were moderately correlated with the fluoride concentration in drinking water at age 10 (rho=0.40; p<0.001)
PMID:40043203 · one of two readings recorded this
Correlation of maternal urinary fluoride with maternal urinary cadmium
increases, p = 0.003
Maternal urinary fluoride concentrations showed a weak correlation with maternal urinary cadmium (rho=0.12; p=0.003)
PMID:40043203 · one of two readings recorded this
full-scale raw score on WPPSI-III (age 5) and WISC-IV (age 10) children's Wechsler scales, by maternal and child urinary fluoride (ion-selective electrode), log2 linear and spline regression; working memory raw score reported only in tables
decreases
Not recorded as a finding: a node exists but the paper states a different instrument or population
Maternal urinary fluoride concentrations during pregnancy were inversely associated with full-scale raw scores [B (95% CI): −4.9 (−8.0, −1.8); per exposure doubling], mainly driven by lower perceptual reasoning raw scores [−2.4 (−3.5, −1.3); per doubling].
PMID:40043203 · one of two readings recorded this
WISC-IV full-scale raw score at 10 years
decreases, p = 0.024, n = 500
>−0.47 on the log2 scale | −10.5 (−19.7, −1.4) | 0.024 | −11.9 (−24.8, 1.0) | 0.071 | −11.6 (−25.3, 2.1) | 0.096
PMID:40043203 · one of two readings recorded this
WISC-IV full-scale raw score at 10 years
decreases, p = 0.009, n = 500
>−0.47 on the log2 scale | −12.1 (−21.2, −3.0) | 0.009 | −13.1 (−25.8, −0.4) | 0.044 | −12.6 (−26.5, 1.3) | 0.075
PMID:40043203 · one of two readings recorded this
WISC-IV full-scale raw score at 10 years
no effect, p = 0.1, n = 500
>−0.47 on the log2 scale | −9.8 (−21.4, 1.9) | 0.100 | −12.8 (−28.8, 3.3) | 0.118 | −7.0 (−24.1, 10.0) | 0.417
PMID:40043203 · one of two readings recorded this
WISC-IV full-scale raw score at 10 years
no effect, p = 0.101, n = 500
≤−0.47 on the log2 scale | 5.3 (−1.0, 11.7) | 0.101 | 3.3 (−4.8, 11.4) | 0.422 | 8.1 (−2.6, 18.8) | 0.137
PMID:40043203 · one of two readings recorded this
WISC-IV full-scale raw score at 10 years
no effect, p = 0.701, n = 500
≤−0.47 on the log2 scale | 1.6 (−6.6, 9.8) | 0.701 | 0.6 (−9.9, 11.2) | 0.907 | 3.0 (−9.9, 16.0) | 0.647
PMID:40043203 · one of two readings recorded this
WISC-IV full-scale raw score at 10 years
no effect, p = 0.759, n = 423
Adjusted model | −0.6 (−4.4, 3.2) | 0.759 | −4.4 (−9.4, 0.7) | 0.090 | 3.1 (−3.0, 9.1) | 0.318
PMID:40043203 · one of two readings recorded this
WISC-IV full-scale raw score at 10 years
no effect, p = 0.855, n = 423
Unadjusted model | −0.4 (−5.3, 4.4) | 0.855 | −4.0 (−10.5, 2.6) | 0.231 | 4.1 (−3.1, 11.2) | 0.264
PMID:40043203 · one of two readings recorded this
WISC-IV full-scale raw score at 10 years
decreases, p = 0.002, n = 500
Adjusted model | −4.9 (−8.0, −1.8) | 0.002 | −3.2 (−7.3, 0.9) | 0.121 | −7.3 (−12.2, −2.3) | 0.004
PMID:40043203 · one of two readings recorded this
WISC-IV full-scale raw score at 10 years
no effect, p = 0.16, n = 500
Unadjusted model | −2.8 (−6.7, 1.1) | 0.160 | −1.8 (−6.9, 3.3) | 0.492 | −4.1 (−10.1, 1.9) | 0.177
PMID:40043203 · one of two readings recorded this
WISC-IV full-scale raw score at 10 years
decreases, p = 0.044, n = 255
>−0.47 on the log2 scale | −12.1 (−21.2, −3.0) | 0.009 | −13.1 (−25.8, −0.4) | 0.044 | −12.6 (−26.5, 1.3) | 0.075
PMID:40043203 · one of two readings recorded this
WISC-IV full-scale raw score at 10 years
no effect, p = 0.075, n = 245
>−0.47 on the log2 scale | −12.1 (−21.2, −3.0) | 0.009 | −13.1 (−25.8, −0.4) | 0.044 | −12.6 (−26.5, 1.3) | 0.075
PMID:40043203 · one of two readings recorded this
WISC-IV full-scale raw score at 10 years
no effect, p = 0.422, n = 255
≤−0.47 on the log2 scale | 5.3 (−1.0, 11.7) | 0.101 | 3.3 (−4.8, 11.4) | 0.422 | 8.1 (−2.6, 18.8) | 0.137
PMID:40043203 · one of two readings recorded this
WISC-IV full-scale raw score at 10 years
no effect, p = 0.137, n = 245
≤−0.47 on the log2 scale | 5.3 (−1.0, 11.7) | 0.101 | 3.3 (−4.8, 11.4) | 0.422 | 8.1 (−2.6, 18.8) | 0.137
PMID:40043203 · one of two readings recorded this
WISC-IV full-scale raw score at 10 years
no effect, p = 0.09, n = 219
Adjusted model | −0.6 (−4.4, 3.2) | 0.759 | −4.4 (−9.4, 0.7) | 0.090 | 3.1 (−3.0, 9.1) | 0.318
PMID:40043203 · one of two readings recorded this
WISC-IV full-scale raw score at 10 years
no effect, p = 0.318, n = 204
Adjusted model | −0.6 (−4.4, 3.2) | 0.759 | −4.4 (−9.4, 0.7) | 0.090 | 3.1 (−3.0, 9.1) | 0.318
PMID:40043203 · one of two readings recorded this
WISC-IV full-scale raw score at 10 years
no effect, p = 0.121, n = 255
Adjusted model | −4.9 (−8.0, −1.8) | 0.002 | −3.2 (−7.3, 0.9) | 0.121 | −7.3 (−12.2, −2.3) | 0.004
PMID:40043203 · one of two readings recorded this
WISC-IV full-scale raw score at 10 years
decreases, p = 0.004, n = 245
Adjusted model | −4.9 (−8.0, −1.8) | 0.002 | −3.2 (−7.3, 0.9) | 0.121 | −7.3 (−12.2, −2.3) | 0.004
PMID:40043203 · one of two readings recorded this
WISC-IV perceptual reasoning raw score at 10 years
decreases, p = 0.03, n = 500
>−0.47 on the log2 scale | −3.6 (−6.9, −0.4) | 0.030 | −3.3 (−8.1, 1.5) | 0.172 | −4.1 (−8.8, 0.6) | 0.085
PMID:40043203 · one of two readings recorded this
WISC-IV perceptual reasoning raw score at 10 years
decreases, p = 0.008, n = 500
>−0.47 on the log2 scale | −4.4 (−7.7, −1.1) | 0.008 | −4.0 (−8.7, 0.7) | 0.099 | −4.6 (−9.5, 0.3) | 0.064
PMID:40043203 · one of two readings recorded this
WISC-IV perceptual reasoning raw score at 10 years
no effect, p = 0.383, n = 500
≤−0.47 on the log2 scale | 1.0 (−1.3, 3.3) | 0.383 | 0.4 (−2.6, 3.4) | 0.768 | 1.7 (−2.1, 5.4) | 0.380
PMID:40043203 · one of two readings recorded this
WISC-IV perceptual reasoning raw score at 10 years
no effect, p = 0.415, n = 423
Adjusted model | −0.6 (−1.9, 0.8) | 0.415 | −2.5 (−4.3, −0.6) | 0.010 | 1.3 (−0.8, 3.4) | 0.229
PMID:40043203 · one of two readings recorded this
Sources cited
1 paper
- Subject
- fluoride
- Findings
- 1
- Papers
- 1