duloxetine

• adverse effects composite (nausea and vomiting, headache and dizziness, pruritis), pooled odds ratio

  no effect, odd ratio = 0.89; 95% CI, [0.6, 1.35], p = 0.59

  Not recorded as a finding: No outcome node fits a composite of selected side effects, and the sentence is agentless about which group.

  We found no differences between the control and duloxetine groups (odd ratio = 0.89; 95% CI, [0.6, 1.35]; P =.59. Fig. 8).

  PMID:36897714 · one of two readings recorded this

• adverse effects (nausea and vomiting, headache, dizziness, pruritis)

  no effect, p = 0.59

  odd ratio = 0.89; 95% CI, [0.6, 1.35]; P =.59

  PMID:36897714 · one of two readings recorded this

• equivalent morphine consumption on postoperative days 1, 2, 3 and 5, pooled MD in mg morphine equivalents

  decreases, day 1 MD = −8.56; 95% CI, [−12.86–−4.26], n = 413

  Not recorded as a finding: No outcome node for postoperative opioid or morphine-equivalent consumption.

  Four studies including 413 patients reported equivalent morphine consumption on postoperative day 1 (MD = −8.56; 95% CI, [−12.86–−4.26]; P <.05. Fig. 7).

  PMID:36897714 · one of two readings recorded this

• equivalent morphine consumption on postoperative days 1 to 5, mg morphine equivalents

  decreases

  Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for opioid consumption in morphine equivalents

  Pooled data indicated duloxetine group can reduce the opioid drugs consumption.

  PMID:36897714 · one of two readings recorded this

• equivalent morphine consumption, postoperative day (number not printed)

  decreases, p = 0.05, n = 413

  Data from 4 studies including 413 patients compared equivalent morphine consumption for postoperative day (MD = −10.31; 95% CI, [−18.85–−1.77]; P <.05

  PMID:36897714 · one of two readings recorded this

• equivalent morphine consumption

  decreases, p = 0.05, n = 413

  Four studies including 413 patients reported equivalent morphine consumption on postoperative day 1 (MD = −8.56; 95% CI, [−12.86–−4.26]; P <.05

  PMID:36897714 · one of two readings recorded this

• equivalent morphine consumption

  decreases, p = 0.05, n = 446

  The equivalent morphine consumption on postoperative day 3 were reported in 4 studies containing 446 patients (MD = −11.71; 95% CI, [−19.15–−4.26]; P <.05

  PMID:36897714 · one of two readings recorded this

• equivalent morphine consumption

  no effect, p = 0.19, n = 260

  Two studies with 260 patients showed equivalent morphine consumption on postoperative day 5 (MD = −8.61; 95% CI, [−21.54–4.33]; P =.19

  PMID:36897714 · one of two readings recorded this

• hospital length of stay, pooled MD, two trials

  no effect, MD = 0; 95% CI, [−0.15–0.15], p = 1, n = 266

  Not recorded as a finding: hospital-length-of-stay exists as a node, but the sentence reporting the result never names length of stay (it is named only in the section heading and the previous sentence), so it is not self-supporting.

  Pooled data showed no difference between the control and duloxetine groups (MD = 0; 95% CI, [−0.15–0.15]; P = 1. Fig. 9).

  PMID:36897714 · one of two readings recorded this

• hospital length of stay, two studies, 266 patients

  no effect, MD = 0; 95% CI, [−0.15–0.15], p = 1

  Not recorded as a finding: hospital-length-of-stay node exists, but the only sentence carrying the result does not name length of stay, so it cannot support the object on its own

  Pooled data showed no difference between the control and duloxetine groups (MD = 0; 95% CI, [−0.15–0.15]; P = 1. Fig. 9).

  PMID:36897714 · one of two readings recorded this

• length of stay

  no effect, p = 1, n = 266

  Two studies containing 266 patients reported the LOS. Pooled data showed no difference between the control and duloxetine groups (MD = 0; 95% CI, [−0.15–0.15]; P = 1

  PMID:36897714 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS at movement, pooled

  decreases, p = 0.05

  MD = −1.08; 95% CI, [−1.45–−0.7]; P <.05

  PMID:36897714 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS at movement

  decreases, p = 0.05, n = 517

  Six studies including 517 patients reported VAS at postoperative 24 hours, and compared with the control group, the duloxetine group reduced VAS (MD = −1.22; 95% CI, [−2.12–−0.32]; P <.05

  PMID:36897714 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS at movement

  no effect, p = 0.05, n = 302

  Data from 3 studies including 302 patients compared the VAS at postoperative 48 hours (MD = −1.42; 95% CI, [−3.18–0.34]; P >.05

  PMID:36897714 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS at movement

  decreases, p = 0.05, n = 219

  Data from 3 studies including 219 patients compared the VAS on postoperative 5 days (MD = −1.08; 95% CI, [−1.56–−0.6]; P <.05

  PMID:36897714 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS at movement

  decreases, p = 0.05, n = 325

  Four studies with 325 patients reported the VAS at postoperative 72 hours between the duloxetine and control group (MD = −0.49; 95% CI, [−0.69–−0.29]; P <.05

  PMID:36897714 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS at rest, pooled

  decreases, p = 0.05

  MD = −0.59; 95% CI, [−0.82–−0.37]; P <.05

  PMID:36897714 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS at rest

  decreases, p = 0.05, n = 372

  Five studies including 372 patients reported VAS at postoperative 24 hours, and compared with the control group, the duloxetine group reduced VAS (MD = −0.68; 95% CI, [−1.26–−0.1]; P <.05

  PMID:36897714 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS at rest

  no effect, p = 0.05, n = 147

  Data from 2 studies including 147 patients compared the VAS at postoperative 48 hours (MD = −0.41; 95% CI, [−1.38–0.55]; P >.05

  PMID:36897714 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS at rest

  decreases, p = 0.05, n = 219

  Data from 3 studies including 219 patients compared the VAS on postoperative 5 days (MD = −1.05; 95% CI, [−1.75–−0.35]; P <.05

  PMID:36897714 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS at rest

  decreases, p = 0.05, n = 325

  Four studies with 325 patients reported the VAS at postoperative 72 hours between the duloxetine and control group (MD = −0.54; 95% CI, [−0.92–−0.16]; P <.05

  PMID:36897714 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS pain at rest, pooled across 24 h to 5 days, 0-10 VAS

  MD = −0.59; 95% CI, [−0.82–−0.37]

  Not recorded as a finding: the quotable sentence says duloxetine 'got a better VAS at rest', which states benefit but not the direction of the score, so it was put down rather than inferring direction from the signed mean difference

  Pooled data shows that duloxetine group got a better VAS at rest (MD = −0.59; 95% CI, [−0.82–−0.37]; P <.05. Fig. 6).

  PMID:36897714 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS pain at rest, pooled across postoperative timepoints, MD on a 0-10 scale

  MD = −0.59; 95% CI, [−0.82–−0.37]

  Not recorded as a finding: The sentence says the duloxetine group 'got a better VAS', which carries no direction on a scale where lower is better; the same finding at movement is claimed instead.

  Pooled data shows that duloxetine group got a better VAS at rest (MD = −0.59; 95% CI, [−0.82–−0.37]; P <.05. Fig. 6).

  PMID:36897714 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI average pain score

  decreases, p = 0.00001

  MD = − 0.88, 95% CI = − 1.08 to − 0.68, Z = 8.54, P < 0.00001

  PMID:36945033 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI interference

  decreases, p = 0.00001

  BPI: MD = − 0.69, 95% CI = − 0.85 to − 0.53, Z = 8.39, P < 0.00001

  PMID:36945033 · one of two readings recorded this

• CGI severity

  decreases, p = 0.00001

  CGI: MD = − 0.48, 95% CI = − 0.61 to − 0.36, Z = 7.64, P < 0.00001

  PMID:36945033 · one of two readings recorded this

• dropout because of adverse events

  increases, p = 0.00001

  OR = 3.00, 95% CI = 2.18 to 4.13, Z = 6.72, P < 0.00001

  PMID:36945033 · one of two readings recorded this

• EQ-5D

  increases, p = 0.0002

  EQ-4D: MD = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.07, Z = 3.75, P = 0.0002

  PMID:36945033 · one of two readings recorded this

• night pain score

  decreases, p = 0.00001

  MD = − 0.89, 95% CI = − 1.09 to − 0.69, Z = 8.70, P < 0.00001

  PMID:36945033 · one of two readings recorded this

• patients with 30% pain reduction

  increases, p = 0.00001

  OR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.86 to 2.72, Z = 8.42, P < 0.00001

  PMID:36945033 · one of two readings recorded this

• patients with 50% pain reduction

  increases, p = 0.00001

  OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.67 to 2.54, Z = 6.72, P < 0.00001

  PMID:36945033 · one of two readings recorded this

• patients with at least one adverse event

  increases, p = 0.00001

  OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.47 to 2.21, Z = 5.62, P < 0.00001

  PMID:36945033 · one of two readings recorded this

• PGI-I

  decreases, p = 0.00001

  PGI-I: MD = − 0.50, 95% CI = − 0.64 to − 0.37, Z = 7.31, P < 0.00001

  PMID:36945033 · one of two readings recorded this

• SF-36 bodily pain

  increases, p = 0.00001

  bodily pain: MD = 6.88, 95% CI = 4.15 to 9.60, Z = 4.95, P < 0.00001

  PMID:36945033 · one of two readings recorded this

• SF-36 mental health

  increases, p = 0.002

  mental health: MD = 1.60, 95% CI = 0.56 to 2.63, Z = 3.03, P = 0.002

  PMID:36945033 · one of two readings recorded this

• SF-36 physical functioning

  increases, p = 0.00001

  physical functioning: MD = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.77 to 3.72, Z = 5.53, P < 0.00001

  PMID:36945033 · one of two readings recorded this

• SF-MPQ sensory component

  decreases, p = 0.00001

  SF-MPQ: MD = − 2.97, 95% CI = − 3.68 to − 2.27, Z = 8.22, P < 0.00001

  PMID:36945033 · one of two readings recorded this

• weekly mean 24-h average pain score on an 11-point Likert-type scale in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy, duloxetine versus placebo (primary outcome); also BPI average pain, 30% and 50% responder proportions, SF-36 domains, PGI-I, CGI-S, EQ-5D, SF-MPQ

  decreases, MD = − 0.95, 95% CI = − 1.18 to − 0.72

  Not recorded as a finding: a node exists but the paper states a different instrument or population

  Duloxetine was more efficacious than placebo, with low to moderate heterogeneity noted across studies (MD = − 0.95, 95% CI = − 1.18 to − 0.72, Z = 7.79, P < 0.00001, and I2 = 36%; Fig. 2A).

  PMID:36945033 · one of two readings recorded this

• weekly mean 24-h average pain score

  decreases, p = 0.00001

  MD = − 0.95, 95% CI = − 1.18 to − 0.72, Z = 7.79, P < 0.00001

  PMID:36945033 · one of two readings recorded this

• weekly mean 24-h average pain score

  no effect, p = 0.14

  MD = − 0.45, 95% CI = − 1.05 to 0.15, and P = 0.14

  PMID:36945033 · one of two readings recorded this

• weekly mean of 24-h average pain on an 11-point Likert-type scale (daily diary) in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy, pooled MD, six trials (primary outcome); also BPI average pain, 50% and 30% pain reduction, night pain, worst pain, SF-36, PGI-I, CGI, EQ-5D, SF-MPQ, dropouts for adverse events

  MD = − 0.95, 95% CI = − 1.18 to − 0.72

  Not recorded as a finding: a node exists but the paper states a different instrument or population

  Duloxetine was more efficacious than placebo, with low to moderate heterogeneity noted across studies (MD = − 0.95, 95% CI = − 1.18 to − 0.72, Z = 7.79, P < 0.00001, and I2 = 36%; Fig. 2A).

  PMID:36945033 · one of two readings recorded this

• worst pain score

  decreases, p = 0.00001

  MD = − 1.05, 95% CI = − 1.31 to − 0.80, Z = 8.12, P < 0.00001

  PMID:36945033 · one of two readings recorded this

• cumulative opioid consumption

  decreases, p = 0.04

  (MD=−7.26, 95% CI: −14.34 to −0.18, P=0.04)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• cumulative opioid consumption

  no effect, p = 0.07

  (MD=−10.81, 95% CI: −22.35 to 0.73, P=0.07)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• depression score

  decreases, p = 0.00001

  (MD=−2.74, 95% CI: −3.91 to −1.56, P<0.00001)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• knee range of motion

  no effect, p = 0.12

  at 1 week (MD=2.85, 95% CI: −0.78 to 6.48, P=0.12)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• knee range of motion

  no effect, p = 0.13

  12 weeks (MD=1.39, 95% CI: −0.43 to 3.21, P=0.13)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• knee range of motion

  increases, p = 0.006

  6 weeks (MD=3.96, 95% CI: 1.11–6.81, P=0.006)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain at rest and pain on movement after total knee arthroplasty, pooled SMD across VAS, NRS and WOMAC pain at 24 h to 12 months (primary outcome); also physical function, analgesic consumption, knee range of motion, depression, SF-36 mental health

  decreases, pain at rest at 3 days SMD=-0.35, 95% CI: -0.65 to -0.05, p = 0.02

  Not recorded as a finding: the comparison was against another active treatment

  Compared with the control group, duloxetine showed a statistically significant reduction in pain at rest at 3 days (SMD=−0.35, 95% CI: −0.65 to −0.05, P=0.02), 1 week (SMD=−0.56, 95% CI: −1.02 to −0.10, P=0.02), 2 (SMD=−0.73, 95% CI: −1.31 to −0.14, P=0.02), and 6 weeks (SMD=−0.78, 95% CI: −1.36 to −0.21, P=0.02).

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain at rest and pain on movement after total knee arthroplasty, pooled SMD across VAS, NRS and WOMAC pain scores at several timepoints, duloxetine versus a mixed control (placebo, opioid, celecoxib or no intervention); also physical function, cumulative opioid consumption, range of motion, depression scale, SF-36 mental health

  decreases, pain at rest, 6 weeks SMD=−0.78, 95% CI: −1.36 to −0.21, p = 0.02

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  Compared with the control group, duloxetine showed a statistically significant reduction in pain at rest at 3 days (SMD=−0.35, 95% CI: −0.65 to −0.05, P=0.02), 1 week (SMD=−0.56, 95% CI: −1.02 to −0.10, P=0.02), 2 (SMD=−0.73, 95% CI: −1.31 to −0.14, P=0.02), and 6 weeks (SMD=−0.78, 95% CI: −1.36 to −0.21, P=0.02).

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain at rest

  decreases, p = 0.02

  1 week (SMD=−0.56, 95% CI: −1.02 to −0.10, P=0.02)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain at rest

  no effect, p = 0.08

  12 months (SMD=−0.19, 95% CI: −0.40 to 0.02, P=0.08)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain at rest

  no effect, p = 0.15

  12 weeks (SMD=−0.36, 95% CI: −0.85 to 0.13, P=0.15)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain at rest

  decreases, p = 0.02

  2 (SMD=−0.73, 95% CI: −1.31 to −0.14, P=0.02)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain at rest

  no effect, p = 0.18

  at 24 h (SMD=−0.43, 95% CI: −1.06 to 0.20, P=0.18)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain at rest

  decreases, p = 0.02

  at 3 days (SMD=−0.35, 95% CI: −0.65 to −0.05, P=0.02)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain at rest

  no effect, p = 0.67

  6 months (SMD=0.16, 95% CI: −0.57 to 0.89, P=0.67)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain at rest

  decreases, p = 0.02

  6 weeks (SMD=−0.78, 95% CI: −1.36 to −0.21, P=0.02)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain on movement at 1 week, sensitivity analysis

  decreases, p = 0.0003

  Kim et al. | −0.60 (−0.93 to −0.28) | 0.0003 | 35

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain on movement at 1 week, sensitivity analysis

  decreases, p = 0.001

  Koh et al. | −0.86 (−1.39 to −0.33) | 0.001 | 66

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain on movement at 1 week, sensitivity analysis

  decreases, p = 0.004

  Wang et al. | −0.66 (−1.11 to −0.21) | 0.004 | 59

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain on movement at 1 week, sensitivity analysis

  decreases, p = 0.0003

  Yuan et al. | −0.88 (−1.35 to −0.41) | 0.0003 | 55

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain on movement

  decreases, p = 0.0001

  1 week (SMD=−0.74, 95% CI: −1.12 to −0.36, P=0.0001)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain on movement

  no effect, p = 0.58

  12 months (SMD=0.06, 95% CI: −0.15 to 0.27, P=0.58)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain on movement

  no effect, p = 0.09

  12 weeks (SMD=−0.59, 95% CI: −1.28 to 0.10, P=0.09)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain on movement

  decreases, p = 0.0006

  2 (SMD=−0.83, 95% CI: −1.30 to −0.36, P=0.0006)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain on movement

  no effect, p = 0.07

  at 24 h (SMD=−0.46, 95% CI: −0.96 to 0.03, P=0.07)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain on movement

  decreases, p = 0.00001

  4 (SMD=−0.98, 95% CI: −1.33 to −0.62, P<0.00001)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain on movement

  decreases, p = 0.02

  at 5 days (SMD=−0.65, 95% CI: −1.21 to −0.09, P=0.02)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain on movement

  no effect, p = 0.41

  6 months (SMD=0.13, 95% CI: −0.18 to 0.43, P=0.41)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain on movement

  decreases, p = 0.02

  6 (SMD=−0.99, 95% CI: −1.84 to −0.13, P=0.02)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain on movement

  decreases, p = 0.00001

  8 weeks (SMD=−1.23, 95% CI: −1.72 to −0.73, P<0.00001)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• patient-controlled analgesia consumption (IV morphine or fentanyl)

  no effect, p = 0.17

  (MD=−8.20, 95% CI: −19.93 to 3.54, P=0.17)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• physical function

  increases, p = 0.00001

  1 week (SMD=−1.79, 95% CI: −2.56 to −1.01, P<0.00001)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• physical function

  increases, p = 0.00001

  2 weeks (SMD=−1.44, 95% CI: −1.89 to −0.99, P<0.00001)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• physical function

  increases, p = 0.005

  4 weeks (SMD=−1.54, 95% CI: −2.62 to −0.46], P=0.005)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• physical function

  increases, p = 0.0005

  8 weeks (SMD=−1.13, 95% CI: −1.77 to −0.49, P=0.0005)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• SF-36 mental health

  increases, p = 0.00001

  (MD=11.47, 95% CI: 7.73–15.21, P<0.00001)

  PMID:37097617 · one of two readings recorded this

• WOMAC physical function subscale

  decreases, p = 0.00001, n = 1996

  physical function (6 articles; 1996 patients; MD= -4.53; 95% CI, -5.83 to -3.22; P<0.00001)

  PMID:37198620 · one of two readings recorded this

• WOMAC pain subscale

  decreases, p = 0.001, n = 1457

  pain (4 articles; 1457 patients; MD= -1.63; 95% CI, -2.63 to -0.63; P = 0.001)

  PMID:37198620 · one of two readings recorded this

• WOMAC stiffness subscale

  decreases, p = 0.001, n = 2002

  stiffness (6 articles; 2002 patients; MD= -0.48; 95% CI, -0.77 to -0.19; P = 0.001)

  PMID:37198620 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI-I average interference

  decreases, p = 0.00001, n = 2032

  average interference (7 articles; 2032 patients; MD= -0.52; 95% CI, -0.68 to -0.36; P<0.00001)

  PMID:37198620 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI-I interference with enjoyment of life

  decreases, p = 0.0001, n = 2240

  enjoyment of life (7 articles; 2240 patients; MD= -0.64; 95% CI, -0.97 to -0.32; P = 0.0001)

  PMID:37198620 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI-I interference with general activity

  decreases, p = 0.00001, n = 2496

  general activity (8 articles; 2496 patients; MD= -0.77; 95% CI, -0.95 to -0.59; P<0.00001)

  PMID:37198620 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI-I interference with interpersonal relationship

  decreases, p = 0.0003, n = 2239

  interpersonal relationship (7 articles; 2239 patients; MD= -0.55; 95% CI, -0.85 to -0.25; P = 0.0003)

  PMID:37198620 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI-I interference with mood

  decreases, p = 0.00001, n = 2239

  mood (7 articles; 2239 patients; MD= -0.61; 95% CI, -0.80 to -0.43; P<0.00001)

  PMID:37198620 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI-I interference with normal work

  decreases, p = 0.00001, n = 2496

  normal work (8 articles; 2496 patients; MD= -0.70; 95% CI, -0.88 to -0.52; P<0.00001)

  PMID:37198620 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI-I interference with sleep

  decreases, p = 0.00001, n = 2240

  sleep (7 articles; 2240 patients; MD= -0.51; 95% CI, -0.69 to -0.33; P<0.00001)

  PMID:37198620 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI-I interference with walking ability

  decreases, p = 0.00001, n = 2240

  walking ability (7 articles; 2240 patients; MD= -0.71; 95% CI, -0.90 to -0.51; P<0.00001)

  PMID:37198620 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI-S average pain within 24 h

  decreases, p = 0.00001, n = 3683

  average pain within 24 h (12 articles; 3683 patients; MD= -0.74; 95% CI, -0.88 to -0.60; P<0.00001)

  PMID:37198620 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI-S least pain

  decreases, p = 0.00001, n = 2885

  least pain (9 articles; 2885 patients; MD= -0.60; 95% CI, -0.75 to -0.44; P<0.00001)

  PMID:37198620 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI-S pain right now

  decreases, p = 0.00001, n = 2885

  pain right now (9 articles; 2885 patients; MD= -0.70; 95% CI, -0.86 to -0.53; P<0.00001)

  PMID:37198620 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI-S worst pain

  decreases, p = 0.00001, n = 2885

  worst pain (9 articles; 2885 patients; MD= -0.83; 95% CI, -1.01 to -0.65; P<0.00001)

  PMID:37198620 · one of two readings recorded this

• Brief Pain Inventory-Severity (BPI-S) average pain within 24 h, in chronic musculoskeletal pain

  decreases, MD= -0.74; 95% CI, -0.88 to -0.60; 12 articles; 3683 patients, n = 3683

  Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for BPI severity pain

  Compared with the placebo control groups, the meta-analysis results indicated that patients in the duloxetine groups had significant reductions in the average pain within 24 h (12 articles; 3683 patients; MD= -0.74; 95% CI, -0.88 to -0.60; P<0.00001), worst pain (9 articles; 2885 patients; MD= -0.83; 95% CI, -1.01 to -0.65; P<0.00001), least pain (9 articles; 2885 patients; MD= -0.60; 95% CI, -0.75 to -0.44; P<0.00001) and pain right now (9 articles; 2885 patients; MD= -0.70; 95% CI, -0.86 to -0.53; P<0.00001).

  PMID:37198620 · one of two readings recorded this

• CGI-S

  decreases, p = 0.00001, n = 3601

  CGI-S (12 articles; 3601 patients; MD= -0.35; 95% CI, -0.41 to -0.28; P<0.00001)

  PMID:37198620 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain on the Brief Pain Inventory severity subscale (BPI-S): average pain within 24 h, worst, least and pain right now, pooled MD, 0-10 scale

  decreases, average pain within 24 h MD= -0.74; 95% CI, -0.88 to -0.60, n = 3683

  Not recorded as a finding: No outcome node for the BPI severity subscale.

  Compared with the placebo control groups, the meta-analysis results indicated that patients in the duloxetine groups had significant reductions in the average pain within 24 h (12 articles; 3683 patients; MD= -0.74; 95% CI, -0.88 to -0.60; P<0.00001)

  PMID:37198620 · one of two readings recorded this

• patient global impression, CGI-S and PGI-I

  decreases, CGI-S MD= -0.35; 95% CI, -0.41 to -0.28; PGI-I MD= -0.48; 95% CI, -0.58 to -0.39

  Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for Clinical Global Impression of Severity or Patients' Global Impression of Improvement

  This meta-analysis revealed that duloxetine had improvement of patient’s global impression significantly than placebo control measured by CGI-S (12 articles; 3601 patients; MD= -0.35; 95% CI, -0.41 to -0.28; P<0.00001) and PGI-I (10 articles; 3099 patients; MD= -0.48; 95% CI, -0.58 to -0.39; P<0.00001).

  PMID:37198620 · one of two readings recorded this

• patient's global impression, CGI-S and PGI-I, pooled MD

  CGI-S MD= -0.35; 95% CI, -0.41 to -0.28, n = 3601

  Not recorded as a finding: No outcome node for Clinical Global Impression of Severity or Patients' Global Impression of Improvement.

  This meta-analysis revealed that duloxetine had improvement of patient’s global impression significantly than placebo control measured by CGI-S (12 articles; 3601 patients; MD= -0.35; 95% CI, -0.41 to -0.28; P<0.00001) and PGI-I (10 articles; 3099 patients; MD= -0.48; 95% CI, -0.58 to -0.39; P<0.00001).

  PMID:37198620 · one of two readings recorded this

• PGI-I

  decreases, p = 0.00001, n = 3099

  PGI-I (10 articles; 3099 patients; MD= -0.48; 95% CI, -0.58 to -0.39; P<0.00001)

  PMID:37198620 · one of two readings recorded this

• publication bias, Egger test (BPI-S 24 h average pain)

  no effect, p = 0.492

  suggesting no proof of publication bias (p = 0.492)

  PMID:37198620 · one of two readings recorded this

• serious adverse events rate

  no effect, p = 0.52, n = 3409

  (10 trials; 3409 patients; RR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.43 to 1.53; P = 0.52)

  PMID:37198620 · one of two readings recorded this

• WOMAC total score of limb function

  decreases, p = 0.00001, n = 1479

  total score of limb function (4 articles; 1479 patients; MD= -5.43; 95% CI, -6.87 to -3.99; P<0.00001)

  PMID:37198620 · one of two readings recorded this

• adverse event rate, placebo lowest

  decreases, p = 0.0001

  The placebo group evidenced the lowest rate of adverse events (P < 0.0001)

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI average pain severity, change

  decreases

  BPI average pain severity | − 2.14 ± 0.2 | − 1.4 ± 0.7 | − 2.2 ± 0.3 | − 2.0 ± 0.5 | − 2.2 ± 0.3 | − 1.3 ± 0.3

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI average pain severity, change

  decreases

  BPI average pain severity | − 2.14 ± 0.2 | − 1.4 ± 0.7 | − 2.2 ± 0.3 | − 2.0 ± 0.5 | − 2.2 ± 0.3 | − 1.3 ± 0.3

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI average pain severity, change

  decreases

  BPI average pain severity | − 2.14 ± 0.2 | − 1.4 ± 0.7 | − 2.2 ± 0.3 | − 2.0 ± 0.5 | − 2.2 ± 0.3 | − 1.3 ± 0.3

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI average pain severity, change

  decreases

  BPI average pain severity | − 2.14 ± 0.2 | − 1.4 ± 0.7 | − 2.2 ± 0.3 | − 2.0 ± 0.5 | − 2.2 ± 0.3 | − 1.3 ± 0.3

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI average pain severity, change

  decreases

  BPI average pain severity | − 2.14 ± 0.2 | − 1.4 ± 0.7 | − 2.2 ± 0.3 | − 2.0 ± 0.5 | − 2.2 ± 0.3 | − 1.3 ± 0.3

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI average pain severity, change

  decreases

  BPI average pain severity | − 2.14 ± 0.2 | − 1.4 ± 0.7 | − 2.2 ± 0.3 | − 2.0 ± 0.5 | − 2.2 ± 0.3 | − 1.3 ± 0.3

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI average pain severity

  decreases, p = 0.0001

  BPI average pain severity (MD 0.77; 95% CI 0.53, 1.01; P < 0.0001)

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI interference pain, change

  decreases

  BPI interference pain | − 2.28 ± 0.2 | − 0.7 ± 0.7 | − 2.0 ± 0.3 | − 2.1 ± 0.6 | − 2.0 ± 0.3 | − 1.4 ± 0.4

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI interference pain, change

  decreases

  BPI interference pain | − 2.28 ± 0.2 | − 0.7 ± 0.7 | − 2.0 ± 0.3 | − 2.1 ± 0.6 | − 2.0 ± 0.3 | − 1.4 ± 0.4

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI interference pain, change

  decreases

  BPI interference pain | − 2.28 ± 0.2 | − 0.7 ± 0.7 | − 2.0 ± 0.3 | − 2.1 ± 0.6 | − 2.0 ± 0.3 | − 1.4 ± 0.4

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI interference pain, change

  decreases

  BPI interference pain | − 2.28 ± 0.2 | − 0.7 ± 0.7 | − 2.0 ± 0.3 | − 2.1 ± 0.6 | − 2.0 ± 0.3 | − 1.4 ± 0.4

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI interference pain, change

  decreases

  BPI interference pain | − 2.28 ± 0.2 | − 0.7 ± 0.7 | − 2.0 ± 0.3 | − 2.1 ± 0.6 | − 2.0 ± 0.3 | − 1.4 ± 0.4

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI interference pain, change

  decreases

  BPI interference pain | − 2.28 ± 0.2 | − 0.7 ± 0.7 | − 2.0 ± 0.3 | − 2.1 ± 0.6 | − 2.0 ± 0.3 | − 1.4 ± 0.4

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• BPI pain interference

  decreases, p = 0.0001

  BPI pain interference (MD 0.67; 95% CI 0.48, 0.86; P < 0.0001)

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• CGI severity scale, change

  decreases

  CGI Severity scale | – | − 0.8 ± 0.1 | − 1.0 ± 0.2 | − 0.9 ± 0.4 | − 0.9 ± 0.2 | − 0.5 ± 0.2

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• CGI severity scale, change

  decreases

  CGI Severity scale | – | − 0.8 ± 0.1 | − 1.0 ± 0.2 | − 0.9 ± 0.4 | − 0.9 ± 0.2 | − 0.5 ± 0.2

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• CGI severity scale, change

  decreases

  CGI Severity scale | – | − 0.8 ± 0.1 | − 1.0 ± 0.2 | − 0.9 ± 0.4 | − 0.9 ± 0.2 | − 0.5 ± 0.2

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• CGI severity scale, change

  decreases

  CGI Severity scale | – | − 0.8 ± 0.1 | − 1.0 ± 0.2 | − 0.9 ± 0.4 | − 0.9 ± 0.2 | − 0.5 ± 0.2

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• CGI severity scale, change

  decreases

  CGI Severity scale | – | − 0.8 ± 0.1 | − 1.0 ± 0.2 | − 0.9 ± 0.4 | − 0.9 ± 0.2 | − 0.5 ± 0.2

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• CGI severity scale

  decreases, p = 0.0001

  CGI severity scale (MD 0.28; 95% CI 0.13, 0.42; P < 0.0001)

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) total score in fibromyalgia, duloxetine versus placebo, mean difference; also Brief Pain Inventory average pain severity and pain interference subscales, Clinical Global Impression severity scale

  FIQ MD 4.94; 95% CI 3.16, 6.72, p = 0.0001

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  Duloxetine was superior in all the comparisons to placebo irrespective of the doses: FIQ (MD 4.94; 95% CI 3.16, 6.72; P = 0.0001), CGI severity scale (MD 0.28; 95% CI 0.13, 0.42; P < 0.0001), BPI average pain severity (MD 0.77; 95% CI 0.53, 1.01; P < 0.0001), BPI pain interference (MD 0.67; 95% CI 0.48, 0.86; P < 0.0001).

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire total score; Clinical Global Impression severity scale; Brief Pain Inventory average pain severity and pain interference subscales; adverse events, duloxetine versus placebo in fibromyalgia

  FIQ MD 4.94; 95% CI 3.16, 6.72, p = 0.0001

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  Duloxetine was superior in all the comparisons to placebo irrespective of the doses: FIQ (MD 4.94; 95% CI 3.16, 6.72; P = 0.0001), CGI severity scale (MD 0.28; 95% CI 0.13, 0.42; P < 0.0001), BPI average pain severity (MD 0.77; 95% CI 0.53, 1.01; P < 0.0001), BPI pain interference (MD 0.67; 95% CI 0.48, 0.86; P < 0.0001).

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• FIQ total, change

  decreases

  FIQ total | − 14.8 ± 1.4 | − 14.8 ± 1.9 | − 15.1 ± 3.0 | − 8.0 ± 1.4 | − 14.7 ± 1.8 | − 9.3 ± 2.5

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• FIQ total, change

  decreases

  FIQ total | − 14.8 ± 1.4 | − 14.8 ± 1.9 | − 15.1 ± 3.0 | − 8.0 ± 1.4 | − 14.7 ± 1.8 | − 9.3 ± 2.5

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• FIQ total, change

  decreases

  FIQ total | − 14.8 ± 1.4 | − 14.8 ± 1.9 | − 15.1 ± 3.0 | − 8.0 ± 1.4 | − 14.7 ± 1.8 | − 9.3 ± 2.5

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• FIQ total, change

  decreases

  FIQ total | − 14.8 ± 1.4 | − 14.8 ± 1.9 | − 15.1 ± 3.0 | − 8.0 ± 1.4 | − 14.7 ± 1.8 | − 9.3 ± 2.5

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• FIQ total, change

  decreases

  FIQ total | − 14.8 ± 1.4 | − 14.8 ± 1.9 | − 15.1 ± 3.0 | − 8.0 ± 1.4 | − 14.7 ± 1.8 | − 9.3 ± 2.5

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• FIQ total, change

  decreases

  FIQ total | − 14.8 ± 1.4 | − 14.8 ± 1.9 | − 15.1 ± 3.0 | − 8.0 ± 1.4 | − 14.7 ± 1.8 | − 9.3 ± 2.5

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• FIQ

  decreases, p = 0.0001

  FIQ (MD 4.94; 95% CI 3.16, 6.72; P = 0.0001)

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• publication bias, Egger test

  no effect, p = 0.05

  The Egger’s test demonstrated no statistically significant asymmetry in all plots (P > 0.05)

  PMID:37461044 · one of two readings recorded this

• adverse effect: appetite loss

  no effect, p = 0.55

  appetite loss (OR = 0.94; 95%CI = 0.78 to 1.14, P =.55)

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• adverse effect: constipation

  no effect, p = 0.16

  constipation (OR = 0.79; 95%CI = 0.57 to 1.10, P =.16)

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• adverse effect: dizziness

  no effect, p = 0.56

  dizziness (OR = 0.85; 95%CI = 0.48 to 1.48, P =.56)

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• adverse effect: dry mouth

  no effect, p = 0.83

  dry mouth (OR = 0.97; 95%CI = 0.70 to 1.34, P =.83)

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• adverse effect: fatigue

  no effect, p = 0.52

  fatigue (OR = 0.94; 95%CI = 0.76 to 1.15, P =.52)

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• adverse effect: headache

  no effect, p = 0.6

  headache (OR = 1.70; 95%CI = 0.23 to 12.47, P =.60)

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• adverse effect: insomnia

  no effect, p = 0.93

  insomnia (OR = 0.99; 95%CI = 0.73 to 1.33, P =.93)

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• adverse effect: nausea and vomiting

  no effect, p = 0.11

  nausea and vomiting (OR = 0.72; 95%CI = 0.49 to 1.08, P =.11)

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• adverse effect: somnolence

  no effect, p = 0.05

  somnolence (OR = 1.71; 95%CI = 1.00 to 2.94, P =.05)

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• adverse effects, overall

  no effect, p = 0.15, n = 739

  (OR = 0.87; 95%CI = 0.72 to 1.05, P =.15)

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• Brief Pain Inventory

  decreases, p = 0.0015

  One trial by YaDeau et al found that the BPI was significantly lower in the duloxetine group (P =.0015)

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• ICOAP

  decreases, p = 0.01

  Another study by Koh et al also found that the SF-36 (P <.01) and ICOAP (P <.01) were significantly lower in the duloxetine group

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• KOOS at 3 months and 6 weeks after arthroplasty, pooled WMD, two trials

  3-month WMD = 4.93; 95%CI = 1.23 to 8.63, p = 0.009, n = 271

  Not recorded as a finding: The sentence never names duloxetine and calls a positive WMD 'significantly lower', so direction is not safely stated in words; koos-total-score would otherwise be the node.

  Data pooling showed a significantly lower KOOS for the 3-month (WMD = 4.93; 95%CI = 1.23 to 8.63, P =.009) but no significant difference for the 6-week (WMD = 2.94; 95%CI = −0.30 to 6.18, P =.08) postoperative period were presented in Figure 7.

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• KOOS

  modulates, p = 0.009

  3-month (WMD = 4.93; 95%CI = 1.23 to 8.63, P =.009)

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• KOOS

  no effect, p = 0.08

  6-week (WMD = 2.94; 95%CI = −0.30 to 6.18, P =.08)

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• numeric rating scale pain at 24 hours, 48 hours and 14 days, pooled WMD, three trials

  no effect, 24-hour WMD = −1.44; 95%CI = −4.48 to 1.60, p = 0.35

  Not recorded as a finding: The sentence reporting the result is agentless and never names duloxetine, so it cannot support the claim although nrs-pain would otherwise match.

  Pooled data revealed no significant difference for the 24-hour (WMD = −1.44; 95%CI = −4.48 to 1.60, P =.35), 48-hour (WMD = −1.23; 95%CI = −4.56 to 2.10, P =.47), and 14-day (WMD = −0.49; 95%CI = −1.00 to 0.03, P =.06) between 2 groups were presented in Figure 6.

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• numeric rating scale pain

  no effect, p = 0.06

  14-day (WMD = −0.49; 95%CI = −1.00 to 0.03, P =.06)

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• numeric rating scale pain

  no effect, p = 0.35

  24-hour (WMD = −1.44; 95%CI = −4.48 to 1.60, P =.35)

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• numeric rating scale pain

  no effect, p = 0.47

  48-hour (WMD = −1.23; 95%CI = −4.56 to 2.10, P =.47)

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• opioid consumption at 24, 48, 72 hours and 1 week after TKA or THA, pooled WMD

  decreases, 24-hour WMD = −3.72; 95% CI = −5.52 to −1.92

  Not recorded as a finding: No outcome node for postoperative opioid consumption.

  The meta-analysis showed that the patients in the duloxetine group significantly decreased the opioids consumption for the 24-hour (WMD = −3.72; 95% CI = −5.52 to −1.92, P <.0001), 48-hour (WMD = −10.8; 95%CI = −20.16 to −1.44, P =.02), 72-hour (WMD = −3.6; 95%CI = −6.87 to −0.33, P =.03)and 1-week (WMD = −1.56; 95%CI = −2.53 to −0.58, P =.002) postoperative period were presented in Figure 3.

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• opioid consumption

  decreases, p = 0.002

  1-week (WMD = −1.56; 95%CI = −2.53 to −0.58, P =.002)

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• opioid consumption

  decreases, p = 0.0001

  24-hour (WMD = −3.72; 95% CI = −5.52 to −1.92, P <.0001)

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• opioid consumption

  decreases, p = 0.02

  48-hour (WMD = −10.8; 95%CI = −20.16 to −1.44, P =.02)

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• opioid consumption

  decreases, p = 0.03

  72-hour (WMD = −3.6; 95%CI = −6.87 to −0.33, P =.03)

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• overall adverse effects, pooled OR across eight trials

  no effect, OR = 0.87; 95%CI = 0.72 to 1.05, p = 0.15, n = 739

  Not recorded as a finding: The sentence is agentless and never names duloxetine; no adverse-event node fits an unqualified all-adverse-effects count for a prescription drug.

  The meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference on adverse effects between 2 groups for the postoperative period (OR = 0.87; 95%CI = 0.72 to 1.05, P =.15) were presented in Figure 9.

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• Pain DETECT and modified Pain DETECT

  no effect, p = 0.05

  Two articles reported the relevant data regarding Pain DETECT and modified Pain DETECT, and also found that there was no significant difference (P >.05)

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• postoperative complication

  unclear, p = 0.01, n = 299

  (OR = 4.74; 95%CI = 0.23 to 96.56, P =.01)

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• publication bias, Begg test (adverse effects)

  no effect, p = 0.902

  No significant publication bias was found (Begg: P =.902; Egger: P =.947)

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• publication bias, Egger test (adverse effects)

  no effect, p = 0.947

  No significant publication bias was found (Begg: P =.902; Egger: P =.947)

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• SF-36

  decreases, p = 0.01

  Another study by Koh et al also found that the SF-36 (P <.01) and ICOAP (P <.01) were significantly lower in the duloxetine group

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• total opioid use, YaDeau 2016 trial

  decreases, p = 0.002

  Two other studies by YaDeau et al at 2016 and 2022, respectively also found that total opioids use was significantly reduce in the duloxetine group over the postoperative period (P =.002; P =.0039)

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• total opioid use, YaDeau 2022 trial

  decreases, p = 0.0039

  Two other studies by YaDeau et al at 2016 and 2022, respectively also found that total opioids use was significantly reduce in the duloxetine group over the postoperative period (P =.002; P =.0039)

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS pain resting

  decreases, p = 0.01

  resting: WMD = −0.69; 95%CI = −1.22 to −0.16, P =.01

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS pain resting

  decreases, p = 0.008

  resting: WMD = −1.06; 95%CI = −1.85 to −0.27, P =.008

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS pain resting

  no effect, p = 0.45

  resting: WMD = −0.22; 95%CI = −0.81 to 0.36, P =.45

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS pain resting

  no effect, p = 0.08

  resting: WMD = −0.92; 95%CI = −1.93 to 0.10, P =.08

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS pain walking

  decreases, p = 0.001

  1-week (walking: WMD = −0.96; 95%CI = −1.42 to −0.50, P <.001

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS pain walking

  decreases, p = 0.007

  24-hour (walking: WMD = −0.98; 95%CI = −1.69 to -0.26, P =.007

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS pain walking

  no effect, p = 0.21

  3-month (walking: WMD = −0.50; 95%CI = −1.26 to 0.27, P =.21

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS pain walking

  no effect, p = 0.31

  6-week (walking: WMD = −0.99; 95%CI = −2.89 to 0.91, P =.31

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• visual analogue scale pain, walking and resting, pooled by postoperative timepoint (24-hour, 1-week, 6-week, 3-month) after TKA/THA; the VAS pool includes Koh et al. whose control arm received celecoxib and Lyrica (an active comparator), not placebo, and no sentence gives one whole-population estimate

  decreases, 24-hour walking WMD = −0.98, 95%CI = −1.69 to -0.26; resting WMD = −1.06, 95%CI = −1.85 to −0.27

  Not recorded as a finding: another reason, stated per paper

  Data pooling revealed a significantly lower VAS in the duloxetine group for the 24-hour (walking: WMD = −0.98; 95%CI = −1.69 to -0.26, P =.007; resting: WMD = −1.06; 95%CI = −1.85 to −0.27, P =.008) and 1-week (walking: WMD = −0.96; 95%CI = −1.42 to −0.50, P <.001; resting: WMD = −0.69; 95%CI = −1.22 to −0.16, P =.01) postoperative period.

  PMID:37653762 · one of two readings recorded this

• appetite loss

  no effect, p = 0.23

  a nonsignificant appetite loss in duloxetine groups vs. controls (RR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.77 to 1.07, P = 0.23, I2 = 0%)

  PMID:38481321 · one of two readings recorded this

• constipation

  no effect, p = 0.5

  no difference in postoperative constipation between the duloxetine and control groups (RR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.66 to 1.23, P = 0.50, I2 = 22%)

  PMID:38481321 · one of two readings recorded this

• constipation

  no effect, p = 0.618

  RR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.39, P = 0.618

  PMID:38481321 · one of two readings recorded this

• constipation

  no effect, p = 0.146

  RR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.29, P = 0.146

  PMID:38481321 · one of two readings recorded this

• dizziness

  no effect, p = 0.98

  There was no significant difference in dizziness (RR = 0.99. 95% CI: 0.57 to 1.75; P = 0.98; I2 = 0%)

  PMID:38481321 · one of two readings recorded this

• dizziness

  no effect, p = 0.341

  RR = 1.56, 95% CI: 0.62 to 3.87, P = 0.341

  PMID:38481321 · one of two readings recorded this

• dizziness

  no effect, p = 0.967

  RR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.37 to 1.54, P = 0.967

  PMID:38481321 · one of two readings recorded this

• drowsiness

  increases, p = 0.02

  Meta-analysis of 5 studies showed a higher proportion of drowsiness in the duloxetine group vs. control (RR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.08 to 3.09, P = 0.02, I2 = 0%)

  PMID:38481321 · one of two readings recorded this

• dry mouth

  no effect, p = 0.87

  There is no significant difference in the dry mouth (RR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.71 to 1.34; P = 0.87; I2 = 0%)

  PMID:38481321 · one of two readings recorded this

• dry mouth

  no effect, p = 0.207

  RR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.56 to 1.31, P = 0.207

  PMID:38481321 · one of two readings recorded this

• dry mouth

  no effect, p = 0.742

  RR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.71 to 1.87, P = 0.742

  PMID:38481321 · one of two readings recorded this

• dry mouth

  no effect, p = 0.794

  RR = 1.72, 95% CI: 0.52 to 5.66, P = 0.794

  PMID:38481321 · one of two readings recorded this

• dry mouth

  no effect, p = 0.376

  RR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.67 to 1.30, P = 0.376

  PMID:38481321 · one of two readings recorded this

• fatigue

  no effect, p = 0.3

  no significant difference in fatigue with moderate certainty quality of evidence (RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.79 to 1.08; P = 0.30, I2 = 0%)

  PMID:38481321 · one of two readings recorded this

• fatigue

  no effect, p = 0.201

  RR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.79 to 1.11, P = 0.201

  PMID:38481321 · one of two readings recorded this

• fatigue

  no effect, p = 0.816

  RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.62 to 1.27, P = 0.816

  PMID:38481321 · one of two readings recorded this

• insomnia

  no effect, p = 0.07

  There was no significant difference in insomnia (RR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.74 to 1.32, P = 0.07, I2 = 0%)

  PMID:38481321 · one of two readings recorded this

• nausea and vomiting

  decreases, p = 0.02

  There is a significant difference in duloxetine groups vs. controls (RR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.95, P = 0.02, I2 = 4%) on nausea and vomiting

  PMID:38481321 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain score at rest

  decreases, p = 0.002, n = 315

  (SMD = − 0.49, 95% CI: −0.80 to − 0.18; P = 0.002, I2 = 44%) on the pain score at postoperative 1 week (including 315 patients)

  PMID:38481321 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain score at rest

  decreases, p = 0.02, n = 363

  (SMD = − 0.54, 95% CI: −1.02 to − 0.07, P = 0.02, I2 = 78%) on the pain score at postoperative 2–3 week (including 363 patients)

  PMID:38481321 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain score during movement

  decreases, p = 0.0001, n = 315

  (SMD = − 0.64, 95% CI: −0.94 to − 0.34, P < 0.0001, I2 = 40%) on the pain score at postoperative 1 week (including 315 patients)

  PMID:38481321 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain score during movement

  decreases, p = 0.004, n = 363

  (SMD = − 0.62, 95% CI: −1.04 to − 0.19, P = 0.004, I2 = 79%) on the pain score at postoperative 2–3 week (including 363 patients)

  PMID:38481321 · one of two readings recorded this

• perioperative total opioid consumption after THA or TKA, pooled SMD (primary outcome); also pain score at rest and during movement pooled SMD, and nausea and vomiting, drowsiness and other adverse event rates

  decreases, SMD = - 0.50, 95% CI: -0.70 to - 0.31, n = 400

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  The total opioid consumption of the duloxetine group was significantly lower (SMD = − 0.50, 95% CI: −0.70 to − 0.31, P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%).

  PMID:38481321 · one of two readings recorded this

• perioperative total opioid consumption after THA/TKA, pooled SMD (primary outcome); also resting and dynamic pain scores pooled as SMD across unnamed scales at 1 week and 2-3 weeks, nausea and vomiting, drowsiness

  decreases, SMD = − 0.50, 95% CI: −0.70 to − 0.31

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  The total opioid consumption of the duloxetine group was significantly lower (SMD = − 0.50, 95% CI: −0.70 to − 0.31, P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%).

  PMID:38481321 · one of two readings recorded this

• total opioid consumption

  decreases, p = 0.00001

  The total opioid consumption of the duloxetine group was significantly lower (SMD = − 0.50, 95% CI: −0.70 to − 0.31, P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%)

  PMID:38481321 · one of two readings recorded this

• analgesic consumption

  decreases, p = 0.003

  duloxetine shows a significant reduction in the amount of analgesic consumption after 24 h postoperative (MD = −3.33, 95% CI [−5.53 to −1.13], p = 0.003)

  PMID:39740780 · one of two readings recorded this

The whole record — 373 rows