NMU

[Neuromedin-U-25]: Multifunctional neuropeptide that acts via two G protein-coupled receptors, NMUR1 and NMUR2. Functionally, is involved in pleiotropic roles, including regulation of feeding, energy balance, blood pressure and smooth muscle contraction (By similarity). Additionally modulates hormone release and inflammatory responses in a tissue- and receptor-dependent manner. Mechanistically, binding to NMUR1 or NMUR2 results in coupling of receptors to Galpha proteins, namely GNAQ/Gaq or GNA11/Ga11 and GNAI1/Gai subunits. GNAQ/Gaq or GNA11/Ga11 coupling leads to the activation of a phospholipase C (PLC), which hydrolyzes PIP2 (phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) into DAG (diacylglycerol) and IP3 (inositol trisphosphate), and subsequent intracellular calcium mobilization via IP3 receptors on the endoplasmic reticulum. GNAI1/Gai coupling inhibits forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation. In pancreatic beta cells, regulates insulin secretion through NMUR1 coupled to GNAI2 and GNAO1, resulting in reduced intracellular Ca2+ influx and cAMP levels. Through NMUR1 in Th2-type T cells, enhances type 2 cytokine secretion and modulates inflammatory responses via activation of PLC-calcineurin-MEK and PI3K signaling pathways..

Function from UniProtKB (P48645), read 2026-09-23. CC BY 4.0.