Metabolic syndrome (presence)

Method

Presence of the metabolic syndrome by a stated diagnostic criteria set (ATP III, IDF, or the harmonised definition), compared between exposure categories and pooled as an odds ratio or relative risk. The criteria set is recorded on the edge, since the definitions differ in waist thresholds and in how many criteria are required.

The method is part of the endpoint identity. Studies measuring the same quantity by a different method are held as separate endpoints.

Notes

This is a composite that already CONTAINS five endpoints defined separately in this vocabulary — waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose and blood pressure — so an edge here plus edges to its components from the same cohort counts one dataset up to six times, and the graph must weight them as one. Note the embedded polarity trap: HDL cholesterol enters the criteria as a LOW value, so a rise in HDL improves this composite while the merged-lipid error would push it the other way. Distinct from hypertension odds (PMID 40152122), which is one criterion alone. Distinct from HOMA-IR (PMID 38936302): insulin resistance drives the syndrome but is not among its diagnostic criteria, and a treatment can lower HOMA-IR without moving any criterion.

Findings

2 findings from 1 compound, strongest first.

• magnesium(2+) — decreases

  BLikelyGrade B, Likely. Human evidence, limited replication or design limits.Findingreplicated ×1

  “In the analysis of all of the studies, the overall RR demonstrated a statistically significant inverse association between dietary magnesium intake of an increase in 150 mg/day and metabolic syndrome (RR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.84–0.93).”

  Study

  meta-analysis

  Population

  Adults in 10 observational studies (8 cross-sectional, 2 prospective cohort); dietary magnesium intake, per 150 mg/day increment

  Effect 0.88 risk ratio, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.93

  Dietary magnesium intake and metabolic syndrome in the adult population: dose-response meta-analysis and meta-regression.2014PMID:25533010

• magnesium(2+) — decreases

  BLikelyGrade B, Likely. Human evidence, limited replication or design limits.Findingreplicated ×1

  “As shown in, for the five cross-sectional studies that reported risk of having metabolic syndrome according to magnesium intake categories, the pooled estimate from the meta-analysis indicated an inverse association between dietary magnesium intake and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.”

  Study

  meta-analysis

  Population

  General adult populations (age >=18 years) in five pooled cross-sectional studies; highest versus lowest category of dietary magnesium intake estimated from food-frequency questionnaires, diet recalls or food records. Metabolic syndrome defined by NCEP/ATP III criteria. Not a supplementation trial.

  Dietary magnesium intake and risk of metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis.2014PMID:24975384