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Catalyst

theobromineWhat was measured

Measured, with no finding

312 endpoints

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  • ANT Alerting index, main effect of Condition

    modulates, p = 0.026

    main effect of Condition: F(4,322) = 2.8, p = 0.026

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • ANT Alerting index

    decreases, p = 0.031

    caffeine decreased Alerting compared to placebo: z = 2.69, p=0.031

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • ANT Alerting index

    decreases, p = 0.031

    Only the highest dose of theobromine decreased Alerting as compared to placebo (z = −2.69, p = 0.031)

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • ANT Conflict and Alerting at lower theobromine doses

    no effect

    theobromine had no effect at the lower doses and impaired Alerting performance only at the highest dose

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • ANT Conflict index, main effect of Condition

    modulates, p = 0.04

    main effect of Condition: F(4,324) = 2.5, p = 0.04

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • ANT Conflict index

    decreases, p = 0.016

    Caffeine significantly decreased Conflict (z = 2.92, p = 0.016) compared to placebo

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • ANT overall response time, main effect of Condition

    modulates, p = 0.001

    main effect of Condition: F(4,324) = 5.1, p < 0.001

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • ANT overall response time

    decreases, p = 0.005

    Caffeine significantly decreased overall response time (z = 3.28, p = 0.005)

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • ANT overall response time

    increases, p = 0.001

    1000 mg theobromine increased response time (z = 3.97, p < 0.001)

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • DEQ Dislike item

    increases

    Theobromine appeared to dose-dependently increase ratings of Dislike (i.e., increases at 500 and 1000 mg)

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • DEQ Feel, High, Like, Want; ARCI A, BG, MBG; POMS anxiety and arousal

    increases

    Caffeine significantly increased participant ratings of Feel, High, Like, and Want items of the DEQ; the A, BG, and MBG scales of the ARCI; and the anxiety and arousal scales of the POMS

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • DEQ Feel item and ARCI dysphoric scale

    increases

    The highest dose of theobromine increased ratings of Feel on the DEQ and produced dysphoric effects on the ARCI

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • DEQ Want item

    increases

    Theobromine increased scores on the “Want” item of the DEQ at 250 mg, and had very few effects on the ARCI and POMS

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • diastolic blood pressure Emax, main effect of Condition

    modulates, p = 0.001

    There was a significant main effect of Condition on heart rate as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Emax: all F ≥ 5.9 and all p ≤ 0.001)

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • diastolic blood pressure Emax

    increases, p = 0.001

    Caffeine increased both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Emax for systolic and diastolic blood pressure: both p < 0.001)

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Digit Span test

    no effect, p = 0.27

    The study compounds did not affect the Digit Span test or the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (all F ≤ 1.3, all p ≥ 0.27)

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • heart rate Emax, main effect of Condition

    modulates, p = 0.001

    There was a significant main effect of Condition on heart rate as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Emax: all F ≥ 5.9 and all p ≤ 0.001)

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • heart rate Emax

    no effect

    Caffeine had no effect on heart rate as compared to placebo

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • heart rate Emax

    increases, p = 0.001

    1000 mg: z = 4.89, p < 0.001

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • heart rate Emax

    no effect

    Theobromine dose-dependently increased heart rate (Emax: 250 mg: n.s., 500 mg: z = 3.52, p < 0.002; 1000 mg: z = 4.89, p < 0.001; see Figure 2)

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • heart rate Emax

    increases, p = 0.002

    500 mg: z = 3.52, p < 0.002

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • heart rate, maximum change from baseline (Emax) by heart rate monitor, at 250, 500 and 1000 mg theobromine versus placebo; also mood (DEQ, ARCI, POMS) and attention (ANT, simple reaction time)

    increases, dose-dependent; 500 mg z = 3.52, 1000 mg z = 4.89, 250 mg not significant

    Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

    Theobromine dose-dependently increased heart rate (Emax: 250 mg: n.s., 500 mg: z = 3.52, p < 0.002; 1000 mg: z = 4.89, p < 0.001; see Figure 2).

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • heart rate maximum change from baseline (Emax) by Minilogger heart rate monitor, after single oral theobromine doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg; also mood (ARCI, DEQ, POMS), Digit Span, HVLT, Attention Network Task, simple reaction time, blood pressure

    increases

    Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

    Theobromine dose-dependently increased heart rate (Emax: 250 mg: n.s., 500 mg: z = 3.52, p < 0.002; 1000 mg: z = 4.89, p < 0.001; see Figure 2).

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Hopkins Verbal Learning Test

    no effect, p = 0.27

    The study compounds did not affect the Digit Span test or the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (all F ≤ 1.3, all p ≥ 0.27)

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • peak heart rate

    increases, p = 0.001

    CC vs. GC: t = −3.580, p < 0.001

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • peak heart rate

    increases, p = 0.001

    CC vs. GG: t = −2.679, p = 0.001

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • physiological response

    no effect

    There were no detected significant effects of the rs5751876 polymorphism of ADORA2A

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • simple reaction time (ANAM) mean reaction time, main effect of Condition

    modulates, p = 0.025

    There was a significant main effect of Condition for the mean reaction time (F(4,327) = 2.8, p = 0.025)

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • simple reaction time (ANAM) mean reaction time

    decreases, p = 0.012

    Compared to placebo, caffeine lowered the mean response time (z = 3.00, p = 0.012)

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • simple reaction time (ANAM)

    no effect

    Caffeine, but not theobromine, decreased reaction times

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • systolic and diastolic blood pressure Emax

    no effect

    Theobromine had no effect on blood pressure at any dose as compared to placebo

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • systolic blood pressure Emax, main effect of Condition

    modulates, p = 0.001

    There was a significant main effect of Condition on heart rate as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Emax: all F ≥ 5.9 and all p ≤ 0.001)

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • systolic blood pressure Emax

    increases, p = 0.001

    Caffeine increased both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Emax for systolic and diastolic blood pressure: both p < 0.001)

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • systolic blood pressure response, condition by genotype interaction

    modulates, p = 0.003

    F(8,296)=2.98, p = 0.003

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • systolic blood pressure response

    unclear, p = 0.06

    with a trend for a difference from GC (p = 0.06)

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • systolic blood pressure response

    increases, p = 0.0127

    greater response to 1000 mg than GG (t = −2.508029, p = 0.0127)

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • systolic blood pressure response

    increases, p = 0.001

    CC vs. GC: t = −3.484, p < 0.001

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • systolic blood pressure response

    increases, p = 0.034

    CC vs. GG: t = −2.126706, p = 0.034

    PMID 23420115 · one of two readings recorded this

  • baseline total LCQ score

    decreases, p = 0.001

    At baseline, mean total LCQ score in the BC1036 group was lower (i.e., worse QOL) than placebo (P<0.001)

    PMID 28839984 · one of two readings recorded this

  • cough-related quality of life, Leicester Cough Questionnaire total score at Day 14 (primary), and cough severity VAS

    no effect, mean baseline-adjusted LCQ change 2.4 (SD 3.5) versus 2.2 (SD 3.0) on placebo, p = 0.6

    Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

    Mean baseline-adjusted change in LCQ score at Day 14 was greater for BC1036 [mean (SD) 2.4±3.5] compared to placebo [mean (SD) score 2.2±3.0], but did not reach statistical significance (P=0.60).

    PMID 28839984 · one of two readings recorded this

  • cough severity VAS score, change

    no effect, p = 0.688

    -12.2±23.28 in BC1036 group and -11.0±21.34 in placebo group at Day 14, P=0.688

    PMID 28839984 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Leicester Cough Questionnaire total score, baseline-adjusted change

    no effect, p = 0.6

    Mean baseline-adjusted change in LCQ score at Day 14 was greater for BC1036 [mean (SD) 2.4±3.5] compared to placebo [mean (SD) score 2.2±3.0], but did not reach statistical significance (P=0.60)

    PMID 28839984 · one of two readings recorded this

  • pulmonary function measurements

    no effect

    There was no significant change in pulmonary function measurements

    PMID 28839984 · one of two readings recorded this

  • cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in total HDL, LDL, VLDL and 15 lipoprotein subclasses, predicted by PLS model from diffusion-edited 1H NMR spectra of fasting serum, calibrated to LipoSEARCH HPLC

    no effect

    Not recorded as a finding: a node exists but the paper states a different instrument or population

    The TB consumption did not alter total HDL-CH.

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in total HDL, LDL, VLDL and 15 lipoprotein subclasses, predicted from diffusion-edited 1H NMR spectra of fasting serum with PLS models calibrated against LipoSEARCH HPLC

    no effect

    Not recorded as a finding: a node exists but the paper states a different instrument or population

    The TB consumption did not alter total HDL-CH.

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • CM01-CH

    CM01-CH | placebo | 0.076 | 0.008

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • CM01-CH

    no effect, p = 0.09

    TB | 0.089 | 0.008 | 16.19 | 0.09

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • CM01-TG

    CM01-TG | placebo | 0.136 | 0.017

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • CM01-TG

    no effect, p = 0.11

    TB | 0.161 | 0.016 | 18.43 | 0.11

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • CM02-CH

    CM02-CH | placebo | 0.047 | 0.004

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • CM02-CH

    no effect, p = 0.08

    TB | 0.054 | 0.004 | 13.50 | 0.08

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • CM02-TG

    CM02-TG | placebo | 0.095 | 0.009

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • CM02-TG

    no effect, p = 0.17

    TB | 0.106 | 0.009 | 11.21 | 0.17

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • HDL15-CH

    HDL15-CH | placebo | 0.034 | 0.001

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • HDL15-CH

    no effect, p = 0.97

    TB | 0.034 | 0.001 | −0.05 | 0.97

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • HDL15-TG

    HDL15-TG | placebo | 0.005 | 0.000

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • HDL15-TG

    no effect, p = 0.75

    TB | 0.006 | 0.000 | 1.55 | 0.75

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • HDL16-CH

    HDL16-CH | placebo | 0.106 | 0.006

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • HDL16-CH

    no effect, p = 0.33

    TB | 0.110 | 0.006 | 4.59 | 0.33

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • HDL16-TG

    HDL16-TG | placebo | 0.020 | 0.001

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • HDL16-TG

    no effect, p = 0.65

    TB | 0.021 | 0.001 | 2.49 | 0.65

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • HDL17-CH

    HDL17-CH | placebo | 0.396 | 0.011

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • HDL17-CH

    no effect, p = 0.41

    TB | 0.401 | 0.011 | 1.37 | 0.41

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • HDL17-TG

    HDL17-TG | placebo | 0.056 | 0.002

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • HDL17-TG

    no effect, p = 0.84

    TB | 0.056 | 0.002 | 0.62 | 0.84

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • HDL18-CH

    HDL18-CH | placebo | 0.421 | 0.005

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • HDL18-CH

    no effect, p = 0.61

    TB | 0.419 | 0.005 | −0.47 | 0.61

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • HDL18-TG

    HDL18-TG | placebo | 0.045 | 0.001

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • HDL18-TG

    no effect, p = 0.91

    TB | 0.045 | 0.001 | 0.33 | 0.91

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • HDLtot-CH

    HDLtot-CH | placebo | 1.114 | 0.021

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • HDLtot-CH

    no effect, p = 0.35

    TB | 1.126 | 0.021 | 1.04 | 0.35

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • HDLtot-TG

    HDLtot-TG | placebo | 0.156 | 0.005

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • HDLtot-TG

    no effect, p = 0.86

    TB | 0.156 | 0.005 | 0.46 | 0.86

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • LDL08-CH

    LDL08-CH | placebo | 0.823 | 0.018

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • LDL08-CH

    decreases, p = 0.03

    TB | 0.793 | 0.018 | −3.64 | 0.03

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • LDL08-TG

    LDL08-TG | placebo | 0.111 | 0.003

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • LDL08-TG

    no effect, p = 0.2

    TB | 0.109 | 0.003 | −2.47 | 0.20

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • LDL09-CH

    LDL09-CH | placebo | 1.424 | 0.038

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • LDL09-CH

    decreases, p = 0.0001

    TB | 1.346 | 0.038 | −5.48 | <0.0001

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • LDL09-TG

    LDL09-TG | placebo | 0.108 | 0.002

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • LDL09-TG

    no effect, p = 0.15

    TB | 0.105 | 0.002 | −2.35 | 0.15

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • LDL10-CH

    LDL10-CH | placebo | 0.571 | 0.016

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • LDL10-CH

    decreases, p = 0.008

    TB | 0.532 | 0.016 | −6.79 | 0.008

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • LDL10-TG

    LDL10-TG | placebo | 0.042 | 0.001

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • LDL10-TG

    no effect, p = 0.65

    TB | 0.042 | 0.001 | −1.11 | 0.65

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • LDL11-CH

    LDL11-CH | placebo | 0.159 | 0.005

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • LDL11-CH

    decreases, p = 0.01

    TB | 0.150 | 0.005 | −5.68 | 0.01

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • LDL11-TG

    LDL11-TG | placebo | 0.014 | 0.000

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • LDL11-TG

    no effect, p = 0.92

    TB | 0.014 | 0.000 | 0.29 | 0.92

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • LDLtot-CH

    LDLtot-CH | placebo | 3.017 | 0.081

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • LDLtot-CH

    decreases, p = 0.0001

    TB | 2.859 | 0.081 | −5.24 | <0.0001

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • LDLtot-TG

    LDLtot-TG | placebo | 0.282 | 0.006

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • LDLtot-TG

    no effect, p = 0.46

    TB | 0.279 | 0.006 | −1.22 | 0.46

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • VLDL03-CH

    VLDL03-CH | placebo | 0.148 | 0.008

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • VLDL03-CH

    no effect, p = 0.15

    TB | 0.157 | 0.008 | 6.41 | 0.15

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • VLDL03-TG

    VLDL03-TG | placebo | 0.239 | 0.018

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • VLDL03-TG

    no effect, p = 0.25

    TB | 0.255 | 0.018 | 6.41 | 0.25

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • VLDL04-CH

    VLDL04-CH | placebo | 0.213 | 0.010

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • VLDL04-CH

    no effect, p = 0.44

    TB | 0.219 | 0.010 | 2.81 | 0.44

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • VLDL04-TG

    VLDL04-TG | placebo | 0.351 | 0.021

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • VLDL04-TG

    no effect, p = 0.5

    TB | 0.361 | 0.021 | 2.73 | 0.50

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • VLDL05-CH

    VLDL05-CH | placebo | 0.573 | 0.011

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • VLDL05-CH

    no effect, p = 0.32

    TB | 0.565 | 0.010 | −1.53 | 0.32

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • VLDL05-TG

    VLDL05-TG | placebo | 0.357 | 0.014

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • VLDL05-TG

    no effect, p = 0.92

    TB | 0.356 | 0.014 | −0.28 | 0.92

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • VLDL06-CH

    VLDL06-CH | placebo | 0.282 | 0.007

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • VLDL06-CH

    no effect, p = 0.45

    TB | 0.277 | 0.007 | −1.81 | 0.45

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • VLDL06-TG

    VLDL06-TG | placebo | 0.150 | 0.004

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • VLDL06-TG

    no effect, p = 0.54

    TB | 0.147 | 0.004 | −1.46 | 0.54

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • VLDL07-CH

    VLDL07-CH | placebo | 0.221 | 0.006

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • VLDL07-CH

    no effect, p = 0.32

    TB | 0.217 | 0.006 | −1.79 | 0.32

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • VLDL07-TG

    VLDL07-TG | placebo | 0.066 | 0.002

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • VLDL07-TG

    no effect, p = 0.64

    TB | 0.066 | 0.002 | −0.88 | 0.64

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • VLDLtot-CH

    VLDLtot-CH | placebo | 1.421 | 0.033

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • VLDLtot-CH

    no effect, p = 0.97

    TB | 1.422 | 0.033 | 0.06 | 0.97

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • VLDLtot-TG

    VLDLtot-TG | placebo | 1.169 | 0.057

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • VLDLtot-TG

    no effect, p = 0.61

    TB | 1.189 | 0.056 | 1.69 | 0.61

    PMID 28971099 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Arteriole-to-venule ratio (AVR), fasting (T0) to postprandial (T150)

    no effect, n = 44

    AVR3 | 0.59 ± 0.09 | 0.59 ± 0.09 | 0.00 ± 0.05 | 0.58 ± 0.09 | 0.59 ± 0.09 | 0.01 ± 0.04

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Brachial artery diameter, fasting (T0) to postprandial (T150)

    n = 44

    Brachial diameter (cm) | 0.49 ± 0.06 | 0.50 ± 0.08 | 0.00 ± 0.04 | 0.49 ± 0.07 | 0.52 ± 0.08 | 0.03 ± 0.04*

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Brachial artery diameter, treatment x meal effect

    increases, p = 0.015, n = 44

    the brachial artery diameter increased when theobromine was part of the test meal (0.03 cm, 95% CI 1.23, 4.45, P = 0.015 for treatment × meal effects)

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Brachial artery FMD, fasting (T0) to postprandial (T150)

    no effect, n = 44

    Brachial artery FMD (%)$ | 4.87 ± 2.54 | 3.87 ± 2.32 | − 1.00 ± 2.97 | 4.43 ± 2.01 | 3.65 ± 2.25 | − 0.78 ± 2.48

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • cAIx corrected for heart rate 75 (cAIx75), treatment x meal effect

    decreases, p = 0.004, n = 44

    cAIx75 (− 5.0 pp, 95% CI − 6.8, − 2.4, P = 0.004 for treatment × meal effects)

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • cAIx, fasting (T0) to postprandial (T150)

    unclear, n = 44

    cAIx (%) | 28.3 ± 9.9 | 21.9 ± 10.5 | − 6.4 ± 6.2 | 26.6 ± 10.4# | 15.2 ± 11.2 | − 11.3 ± 8.4

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • cAIx75, fasting (T0) to postprandial (T150)

    decreases, n = 44

    cAIx75 (%) | 21.6 ± 8.7 | 16.3 ± 9.6 | − 5.3 ± 6.5 | 21.4 ± 9.3 | 11.2 ± 10.7 | − 10.3 ± 8.2*

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWVcf), fasting (T0) to postprandial (T150)

    no effect, n = 44

    PWVcf (m/s) | 9.0 ± 1.4 | 9.0 ± 1.6 | 0.0 ± 1.3 | 8.8 ± 1.6 | 9.0 ± 1.5 | 0.2 ± 1.5

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (PWVcr), fasting (T0) to postprandial (T150)

    no effect, n = 44

    PWVcr (m/s) | 7.1 ± 1.1 | 7.1 ± 1.1 | − 0.1 ± 1.2 | 7.4 ± 1.3 | 7.1 ± 1.5 | − 0.3 ± 1.6

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • cDBP, fasting (T0) to postprandial (T150)

    no effect, n = 44

    cDBP (mmHg)$ | 86 ± 9 | 84 ± 9 | − 2 ± 6 | 87 ± 9 | 84 ± 9 | − 3 ± 5

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Central augmentation index (cAIx), fasting

    decreases, p = 0.037, n = 44

    the cAIx was significantly lower after theobromine intake (− 1.7 pp, 95% CI − 6.1, − 0.2, P = 0.037)

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Central augmentation index (cAIx), treatment x meal effect

    unclear, p = 0.08, n = 44

    theobromine consumption tended to decrease the postprandial cAIx (− 4.9 pp, 95% CI − 5.8, − 0.7, P = 0.080 for treatment × meal effects)

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Central diastolic blood pressure (cDBP), meal effect

    decreases, p = 0.001, n = 44

    cDBP (− 2 mmHg, 95% CI − 3, − 1, P ≤ 0.001)

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Central systolic blood pressure (cSBP), meal effect

    decreases, p = 0.001, n = 44

    cSBP (− 5 mmHg, 95% CI − 8, − 4, P ≤ 0.001)

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • cSBP, fasting (T0) to postprandial (T150)

    no effect, n = 44

    cSBP (mmHg)$ | 126 ± 13 | 121 ± 11 | − 5 ± 8 | 125 ± 12 | 118 ± 13 | − 7 ± 10

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • fasting blood pressure (peripheral and central systolic and diastolic) with heart rate

    no effect

    Not recorded as a finding: sentence pools blood pressure and heart rate in one agentless statement and the acquisition setting is not stated, so neither the office nor the unspecified-setting node can be chosen

    Finally, fasting BP and HR were not affected (Table 1).

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), meal effect

    decreases, p = 0.002, n = 44

    high-fat mixed meal intake significantly decreased FMD (− 0.89 pp, 95% CI − 1.43, − 0.35, P = 0.002)

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Heart rate, fasting (T0) to postprandial (T150)

    no effect, n = 44

    HR (bpm)$ | 62 ± 9 | 64 ± 10 | 2 ± 4 | 62 ± 8 | 65 ± 10 | 3 ± 7

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Heart rate, meal effect

    increases, p = 0.001, n = 44

    increased HR (2 bpm, 95% CI 1, 3, P ≤ 0.001)

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • pAIx, fasting (T0) to postprandial (T150)

    decreases, n = 44

    pAIx (%) | − 14.8 ± 14.9 | − 24.1 ± 13.7 | − 9.3 ± 10.6 | − 16.8 ± 15.3 | − 32.4 ± 13.8 | − 15.6 ± 14.4*

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • pDBP, fasting (T0) to postprandial (T150)

    no effect, n = 44

    pDBP (mmHg)$ | 85 ± 10 | 83 ± 8 | − 2 ± 5 | 86 ± 10 | 83 ± 9 | − 3 ± 6

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Peripheral augmentation index (pAIx), treatment x meal effect

    decreases, p = 0.017, n = 44

    decreased the pAIx (− 6.3 pp, 95% CI − 9.2, − 2.4, P = 0.017 for treatment × meal effects)

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Peripheral diastolic blood pressure (pDBP), meal effect

    decreases, p = 0.001, n = 44

    pDBP (− 2 mmHg, 95% CI − 3, − 1, P ≤ 0.001)

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Peripheral systolic blood pressure (pSBP), meal effect

    decreases, p = 0.001, n = 44

    pSBP (− 3 mmHg, 95% CI − 5, − 1, P ≤ 0.001)

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • pSBP, fasting (T0) to postprandial (T150)

    no effect, n = 44

    pSBP (mmHg)$ | 134 ± 14 | 132 ± 12 | − 3 ± 9 | 134 ± 14 | 130 ± 13 | − 4 ± 10

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Reactive hyperemia index (RHI), fasting (T0) to postprandial (T150)

    no effect, n = 44

    RHI1,$ | 2.64 ± 0.68 | 2.38 ± 0.61 | − 0.24 ± 0.65 | 2.58 ± 0.61 | 2.23 ± 0.47 | − 0.35 ± 0.60

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Reactive hyperemia index (RHI), meal effect

    decreases, p = 0.001, n = 44

    RHI (− 0.30, 95% CI − 0.43, − 0.16, P < 0.001)

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Retinal arteriolar caliber (CRAE), fasting (T0) to postprandial (T150)

    no effect, n = 44

    CRAE (µm)3 | 135 ± 19 | 135 ± 19 | 0 ± 9 | 134 ± 19 | 136 ± 19 | 2 ± 6

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Retinal venular caliber (CRVE), fasting (T0) to postprandial (T150)

    no effect, n = 44

    CRVE (µm)3 | 230 ± 14 | 231 ± 13 | 0 ± 5 | 228 ± 14 | 231 ± 13 | 2 ± 7

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Retinal venular caliber (CRVE), fasting

    unclear, p = 0.074, n = 44

    theobromine intake tended to decrease the CRVE (− 2 µm, 95% CI − 4, 0, P = 0.074)

    PMID 29330660 · one of two readings recorded this

  • ApoA1, fasting

    no effect, p = 0.5

    apoA1 (+0.01 g L−1; 95% CI: −0.02, 0.05; p = 0.50)

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • ApoA1, postprandial change (T0 to T120)

    no effect

    ApoA1 [g L−1] | 1.33 ± 0.16 | 1.36 ± 0.16 | 0.02 ± 0.07 * | 1.34 ± 0.18 | 1.37 ± 0.20 | 0.03 ± 0.05 **

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • ApoA1, postprandial change (T0 to T120)

    no effect, p = 0.85

    apoA1 (0.002 g L−1; 95% CI: −0.02, 0.03; p = 0.85)

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • ApoA1, postprandial change (T0 to T120)

    increases, p = 0.05

    apoA1 concentrations (+0.02 g L−1; 95% CI: 0.004, 0.05; p < 0.05)

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • ApoA1, postprandial change (T0 to T120)

    increases, p = 0.001

    apoA1: +0.03 g L−1; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.04; p < 0.001

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Cholesterol efflux capacity, fasting

    no effect, p = 0.81

    Four weeks theobromine supplementation did not affect fasting cholesterol efflux capacity (+0.4 percentage point (pp); 95% CI: −2.81, 3.57; p = 0.81)

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Cholesterol efflux capacity, postprandial change (T0 to T120)

    no effect

    Cholesterol Efflux [% pools] | 97.1 ± 11.5 | 101.4 ± 11.1 | 4.3 ± 7.8 ** | 97.5 ± 9.2 | 99.1 ± 11.7 | 1.6 ± 9.2

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Cholesterol efflux capacity, postprandial change (T0 to T120)

    no effect, p = 0.17

    cholesterol efflux (−2.7 pp; 95% CI: −0.657, 1.19; p = 0.17)

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Cholesterol efflux capacity, postprandial change (T0 to T120)

    increases, p = 0.001

    the intake of the test meal significantly increased cholesterol efflux after 2 h (+4.3 pp; 95% CI: 1.87, 6.68; p ≤ 0.001)

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Cholesterol efflux capacity, postprandial change (T0 to T120)

    no effect, p = 0.26

    during the theobromine period, no postprandial increase was observed (+1.6 pp; 95% CI: −1.25, 4.42; p = 0.26)

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Correlation of postprandial change in miR-223 with age (placebo period)

    decreases, p = 0.01

    postprandial changes in miR‐223 levels significantly correlated with age (r = −0.43, p ≤ 0.01)

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Correlation of postprandial change in miR-223 with postprandial change in TAG (placebo period)

    increases, p = 0.05

    with postprandial changes in TAG (r = 0.31, p < 0.05)

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • fasting ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity from J774 macrophages, percent of pools

    no effect, +0.4 percentage point; 95% CI -2.81, 3.57, p = 0.81

    Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for HDL cholesterol efflux capacity

    Four weeks theobromine supplementation did not affect fasting cholesterol efflux capacity (+0.4 percentage point (pp); 95% CI: −2.81, 3.57; p = 0.81), but significantly increased HDL‐C concentrations (+0.04 mmol L−1; 95% CI: 0.003, 0.07; p < 0.05).

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • fasting miR-92a level in apolipoprotein B-depleted serum, quantified by miRNA assay

    decreases, -0.21; 95% CI -0.38, -0.03

    Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for circulating microRNA levels

    Theobromine supplementation for 4 weeks reduced fasting miR‐92a levels (−0.21; 95% CI: −0.38, −0.03; p < 0.05), while no effects were found on miR‐223 (+0.09; 95% CI: −0.22, 0.41; p = 0.55) and miR‐135a levels (−0.12; 95% CI: −0.35, 0.10; p = 0.26; Figure).

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • fasting serum triglycerides (TAG), mmol per L

    no effect, 0.15 mmol/L; 95% CI -0.03, 0.33, p = 0.1

    Not recorded as a finding: the only sentence is agentless and does not name theobromine, so it cannot support a claim alone (rule 1); serum-triglycerides node exists

    Furthermore, apoA1 (+0.01 g L−1; 95% CI: −0.02, 0.05; p = 0.50) and TAG concentrations (0.15 mmol L−1; 95% CI: −0.03, 0.33; p = 0.10) did not change.

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • HDL-C, fasting

    increases, p = 0.05

    significantly increased HDL‐C concentrations (+0.04 mmol L−1; 95% CI: 0.003, 0.07; p < 0.05)

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • HDL-C, postprandial change (T0 to T120)

    no effect

    HDL‐C [mmol L−1] | 1.04 ± 0.19 | 1.06 ± 0.18 | 0.01 ± 0.07 | 1.08 ± 0.22 a) | 1.09 ± 0.23 | 0.00 ± 0.06

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • HDL-C, postprandial change (T0 to T120)

    no effect, p = 0.47

    HDL‐C (−0.01 mmol L−1; 95% CI: −0.04, 0.02; p = 0.47)

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • HDL-C, postprandial change (T0 to T120)

    no effect, p = 0.16

    without (+0.01 mmol L−1; 95% CI: −0.01, 0.03; p = 0.16)

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • HDL-C, postprandial change (T0 to T120)

    no effect, p = 0.69

    with theobromine; (+0.003 mmol L−1; 95% CI: −0.01, 0.02; p = 0.69)

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • miR-135a level (fold change), fasting

    no effect, p = 0.26, n = 42

    miR‐135a levels (−0.12; 95% CI: −0.35, 0.10; p = 0.26

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • miR-135a level (fold change), postprandial

    increases, p = 0.01

    Postprandial changes were significantly higher after the theobromine supplementation for miR‐92a and miR‐135a ([+0.85; 95% CI: 0.34, 1.36; p < 0.01]; [+0.78; 95% CI: 0.32, 1.25; p < 0.01], respectively)

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • miR-135a level (fold change), postprandial

    unclear, p = 0.06, n = 43

    only a trend was observed during the control period (+0.23; 95% CI: −0.01, 0.46; p = 0.06)

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • miR-135a level (fold change), postprandial

    increases, p = 0.001, n = 44

    miR‐135a levels were increased during the theobromine period after test meal consumption (+1.08; 95% CI: 0.62, 1.54; p < 0.001)

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • miR-223 level (fold change), fasting

    no effect, p = 0.55, n = 41

    miR‐223 (+0.09; 95% CI: −0.22, 0.41; p = 0.55)

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • miR-223 level (fold change), postprandial

    no effect, p = 0.58

    miR‐223 (−0.37; 95% CI: −1.71, 0.97; p = 0.58)

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • miR-223 level (fold change), postprandial

    increases, p = 0.001, n = 43

    MiR‐223 levels were also increased after the meal intake ([+1.79; 95% CI: 0.89, 2.68; p < 0.001]; [+2.33; 95% CI: 1.32, 3.35; p < 0.001], respectively)

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • miR-223 level (fold change), postprandial

    increases, p = 0.001, n = 42

    MiR‐223 levels were also increased after the meal intake ([+1.79; 95% CI: 0.89, 2.68; p < 0.001]; [+2.33; 95% CI: 1.32, 3.35; p < 0.001], respectively)

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • miR-92a level (fold change), fasting

    decreases, p = 0.05, n = 40

    Theobromine supplementation for 4 weeks reduced fasting miR‐92a levels (−0.21; 95% CI: −0.38, −0.03; p < 0.05)

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • miR-92a level (fold change), postprandial

    increases, p = 0.01

    Postprandial changes were significantly higher after the theobromine supplementation for miR‐92a and miR‐135a ([+0.85; 95% CI: 0.34, 1.36; p < 0.01]; [+0.78; 95% CI: 0.32, 1.25; p < 0.01], respectively)

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • miR-92a level (fold change), postprandial

    increases, p = 0.01, n = 41

    miR‐92a levels were significantly higher after meal consumption ([+1.21; 95% CI: 0.74, 1.67; p < 0.001]; [+0.43; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.69; p < 0.01], respectively)

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • miR-92a level (fold change), postprandial

    increases, p = 0.001, n = 43

    miR‐92a levels were significantly higher after meal consumption ([+1.21; 95% CI: 0.74, 1.67; p < 0.001]; [+0.43; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.69; p < 0.01], respectively)

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • TAG, fasting

    no effect, p = 0.1

    TAG concentrations (0.15 mmol L−1; 95% CI: −0.03, 0.33; p = 0.10)

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • TAG, postprandial change (T0 to T120)

    no effect

    TAG [mmol L−1] | 1.68 ± 0.72 | 2.91 ± 1.22 | 1.23 ± 0.62 ** | 1.83 ± 0.98 | 3.06 ± 1.46 | 1.23 ± 0.64 **

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • TAG, postprandial change (T0 to T120)

    no effect, p = 0.85

    TAG (0.02 mmol L−1; 95% CI: −0.15, 0.18; p = 0.85)

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • TAG, postprandial change (T0 to T120)

    increases, p = 0.001

    TAG concentrations (+1.23 mmol L−1; 95% CI: −1.04, 1.43; p ≤ 0.001)

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • TAG, postprandial change (T0 to T120)

    increases, p = 0.001

    TAG: +1.23 mmol L−1; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.42; p < 0.001

    PMID 29797695 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Risk of uric acid crystallization (RUAC) score

    decreases, p = 0.001, n = 47

    citrate treatment and citrate + theobromine treatment led to significantly lower RUAC scores than at baseline (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively)

    PMID 32645831 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Risk of uric acid crystallization (RUAC) score

    decreases, p = 0.01, n = 47

    citrate treatment and citrate + theobromine treatment led to significantly lower RUAC scores than at baseline (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively)

    PMID 32645831 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Urinary theobromine concentration

    increases, p = 0.001, n = 47

    the urine of patients who received citrate + theobromine had a significantly higher concentration of theobromine than patients at baseline and patients who received citrate alone (< 0.001)

    PMID 32645831 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Caffeine intake

    no effect, p = 0.975, n = 72

    Caffeine (mg) | 50.76 ± 47.76 | 49.64 ± 48.3 | −1.10 ± 6.0 | 0.266 | 47.80 ± 42.96 | 46.60 ± 40.0 | −1.2 ± 9.3 | 0.479 | 0.975

    PMID 40672541 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Carbohydrate intake

    no effect, p = 0.154, n = 72

    Carbohydrate (g) | 297.17 ± 29.70 | 266.78 ± 59.18 | −30.38 ± 44.4 | < 0.001 | 312.94 ± 49.94 | 285.60 ± 60.3 | −27.33 ± 30.84 | < 0.001 | 0.154

    PMID 40672541 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Energy intake

    no effect, p = 0.975, n = 72

    Energy (kcal) | 2179.48 ± 133.13 | 1968.20 ± 228.20 | −211.27 ± 156.30 | < 0.001 | 2264.85 ± 271.29 | 2055.0 ± 491.84 | −209.45 ± 319.74 | < 0.001 | 0.975

    PMID 40672541 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Fat intake

    no effect, p = 0.6, n = 72

    Fat (g) | 76.30 ± 6.64 | 65.85 ± 22.32 | −10.44 ± 21.80 | 0.002 | 79.80 ± 9.50 | 69.78 ± 18.30 | −10.04 ± 17.80 | 0.002 | 0.60

    PMID 40672541 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Fiber intake

    no effect, p = 0.48, n = 72

    Fiber (g) | 26.55 ± 8.22 | 25.26 ± 7.72 | −1.29 ± 2 | < 0.001 | 31.36 ± 14.31 | 29.70 ± 13.40 | −1.65 ± 2.32 | < 0.001 | 0.480

    PMID 40672541 · one of two readings recorded this

  • HDL-c2/HDL-c3 ratio, derived from precipitation-based subclass assay

    increases, p = 0.004

    Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for HDL subclass ratio

    A comparison of the differences between the two groups showed that, compared to the placebo, TB led to a significant increase in the HDL‐c2/HDL‐c3 ratio (p = 0.004).

    PMID 40672541 · one of two readings recorded this

  • HDL-c3 subfraction

    no effect, p = 0.729

    Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for HDL subclasses

    Regarding HDL‐c3, although a significant decrease was observed in both groups after the intervention (p < 0.05), comparing changes between the two groups did not show a significant difference (p = 0.729).

    PMID 40672541 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Physical activity

    no effect, p = 0.932, n = 72

    Physical activity (PA) (MET‐min/week) | 874.7 ± 15.32 | 881.86 ± 16.20 | 7.16 ± 4.2 | 0.096 | 863.48 ± 23.32 | 870.11 ± 22.7 | 6.62 ± 4.60 | 0.159 | 0.932

    PMID 40672541 · one of two readings recorded this

  • PPAR-alpha gene expression in buffy coat white cells, real-time PCR 2^-ddCt

    increases

    Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for leukocyte gene expression

    Moreover, the gene expressions of PPAR‐α according to 2−∆∆Ct calculation were significantly increased in the TB group compared to the placebo, even after adjusting for confounders (p < 0.001).

    PMID 40672541 · one of two readings recorded this

  • PPAR-α gene expression (2−∆∆Ct)

    increases, p = 0.004, n = 72

    PPAR‐α | 1.183 ± 0.130 | 1.516 ± 0.140 | 0.332 ± 0.178 | 0.07 | 1.46 ± 0.21 | 2.344 ± 0.17 | 0.884 ± 0.195 | < 0.001 | 0.552 ± 0.20 | 0.043 | 0.004

    PMID 40672541 · one of two readings recorded this

  • PPAR-α gene expression (2−∆∆Ct)

    no effect, p = 0.07, n = 37

    PPAR‐α | 1.183 ± 0.130 | 1.516 ± 0.140 | 0.332 ± 0.178 | 0.07 | 1.46 ± 0.21 | 2.344 ± 0.17 | 0.884 ± 0.195 | < 0.001 | 0.552 ± 0.20 | 0.043 | 0.004

    PMID 40672541 · one of two readings recorded this

  • PPAR-α gene expression (2−∆∆Ct)

    increases, p = 0.001, n = 35

    PPAR‐α | 1.183 ± 0.130 | 1.516 ± 0.140 | 0.332 ± 0.178 | 0.07 | 1.46 ± 0.21 | 2.344 ± 0.17 | 0.884 ± 0.195 | < 0.001 | 0.552 ± 0.20 | 0.043 | 0.004

    PMID 40672541 · one of two readings recorded this

  • Protein intake

    no effect, p = 0.349, n = 72

    Protein (g) | 83.1 ± 5.48 | 87.9 ± 13.4 | 4.83 ± 12.4 | 0.023 | 86.85 ± 10.40 | 95.17 ± 23.85 | 8.32 ± 18.50 | 0.012 | 0.349

    PMID 40672541 · one of two readings recorded this

The whole record — 312 rows