• intramineral protein concentration of biogenic mineral phase

  Each biogenic mineral phase has a characteristic Mg content (5.9 and 1.7 mol %, respectively) and concentration of intramineral proteins (0.05 and 0.01 wt %, respectively)

  PMID:11772059 · one of two readings recorded this

• Mg content in synthetic ACC precipitate

  the Mg content in the precipitate was 8.5 mol %

  PMID:11772059 · one of two readings recorded this

• Mg content of biogenic mineral phase

  Each biogenic mineral phase has a characteristic Mg content (5.9 and 1.7 mol %, respectively) and concentration of intramineral proteins (0.05 and 0.01 wt %, respectively)

  PMID:11772059 · one of two readings recorded this

• protein content in synthetic ACC

  decreases

  the protein content in synthetic ACC was 0.12 wt % in the absence of Mg and 0.07 wt % in the presence of Mg

  PMID:11772059 · one of two readings recorded this

• alpha-TCP peaks on powder XRD

  increases

  The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the addition of P and CI led to an increase of alpha-TCP peaks while the diffraction patterns of the non-modified cement (HA/Coll) were quite similar with that of natural bone

  PMID:17223400 · one of two readings recorded this

• direct bone contact

  increases

  The amount of direct bone contact after 28 days was significantly higher around CI, P and RGD compared to CA and HA/Coll implants

  PMID:17223400 · one of two readings recorded this

• increase of ED1-positive mononuclear cells

  decreases

  Around CI, P and RGD a significantly delayed increase of ED1-positive mononuclear cells was detected

  PMID:17223400 · one of two readings recorded this

• material properties (microstructure and compressive strength)

  increases

  CI, P and RGD modifications showed improved material properties (finer microstructure and higher compressive strength) compared to CA and HA/Coll implants

  PMID:17223400 · one of two readings recorded this

• TRAP-positive osteoclasts around implant

  increases

  A significantly higher number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts were observed around CI, RGD and P on day 7 compared to CA and HA/Coll

  PMID:17223400 · one of two readings recorded this

• proportion of stones that were black pigment bilirubinate stones

  Thirty-nine (78%) adults had typical cholesterol stones, 7 (14%) had black pigment bilirubinate stones, and only 2 (4%) had calcium carbonate stones

  PMID:17923195 · one of two readings recorded this

• proportion of stones that were black pigment stones

  In contrast, 30 (48%) children had black pigment stones, 13 (21%) had cholesterol stones, 15 (24%) had calcium carbonate stones, 3 (5%) had protein dominant stones, and 2 (3%) had brown pigment stones

  PMID:17923195 · one of two readings recorded this

• proportion of stones that were brown pigment stones

  In contrast, 30 (48%) children had black pigment stones, 13 (21%) had cholesterol stones, 15 (24%) had calcium carbonate stones, 3 (5%) had protein dominant stones, and 2 (3%) had brown pigment stones

  PMID:17923195 · one of two readings recorded this

• proportion of stones that were calcium carbonate stones

  Thirty-nine (78%) adults had typical cholesterol stones, 7 (14%) had black pigment bilirubinate stones, and only 2 (4%) had calcium carbonate stones

  PMID:17923195 · one of two readings recorded this

• proportion of stones that were calcium carbonate stones

  In contrast, 30 (48%) children had black pigment stones, 13 (21%) had cholesterol stones, 15 (24%) had calcium carbonate stones, 3 (5%) had protein dominant stones, and 2 (3%) had brown pigment stones

  PMID:17923195 · one of two readings recorded this

• proportion of stones that were cholesterol stones

  Thirty-nine (78%) adults had typical cholesterol stones, 7 (14%) had black pigment bilirubinate stones, and only 2 (4%) had calcium carbonate stones

  PMID:17923195 · one of two readings recorded this

• proportion of stones that were cholesterol stones

  In contrast, 30 (48%) children had black pigment stones, 13 (21%) had cholesterol stones, 15 (24%) had calcium carbonate stones, 3 (5%) had protein dominant stones, and 2 (3%) had brown pigment stones

  PMID:17923195 · one of two readings recorded this

• proportion of stones that were protein dominant stones

  In contrast, 30 (48%) children had black pigment stones, 13 (21%) had cholesterol stones, 15 (24%) had calcium carbonate stones, 3 (5%) had protein dominant stones, and 2 (3%) had brown pigment stones

  PMID:17923195 · one of two readings recorded this

• ACC to calcite transformation on globular aggregate surfaces

  And thus, transformations of ACC to calcite were observed on the surfaces of these amorphous globular aggregates as their smooth characteristic surface became rougher with time

  PMID:18400515 · one of two readings recorded this

• aragonite as intermediate phase with centre-to-periphery crystallization

  This transition path was not unique, and the presence of aragonite, as an intermediate phase, has also been found

  PMID:18400515 · one of two readings recorded this

• main constituent of freshly extracted precursor fluid

  In situ experiments performed on the freshly extracted precursor fluid and analysed by FT-IR spectroscopy showed that ACC is the main constituent and is probably stabilised by macromolecules such as proteins and sugars

  PMID:18400515 · one of two readings recorded this

• phase composition of spherulitic deposits

  Results from HREM and electron diffraction showed that the spherulithic deposits merely consisted of ACC partially transformed to vaterite

  PMID:18400515 · one of two readings recorded this

• stability of carbonate phase in precursor fluid as ACC

  Furthermore, the Debye-Scherrer diffraction experiments showed that the carbonate phase present in this fluid remains stable as ACC for more than a week

  PMID:18400515 · one of two readings recorded this

• calcium deposition in gastroliths and return to cuticle

  In this species, calcium was deposited in the gastroliths during premolt and transported back to the cuticle during postmolt, shown by digital X-ray radiograph analysis

  PMID:18400994 · one of two readings recorded this

• pH during gastrolith deposition

  On the other hand, pH varied greatly, from 8.7+/-0.15 in the gastrolith cavity through 7.6+/-0.2 in muscle to 6.9+/-0.5 in the stomach

  PMID:18400994 · one of two readings recorded this

• source of labile cuticular calcium in premolt

  Scanning electron micrographs of the cuticle during premolt showed that the endocuticle and parts of the exocuticle were the source of most of the labile calcium, while the epicuticle did not undergo degradation and remained mineralized throughout the molt cycle

  PMID:18400994 · one of two readings recorded this

• ACC spherule size

  increases

  ACC spherules deposited in these gastroliths are significantly larger than normal

  PMID:18480260 · one of two readings recorded this

• calcium carbonate crystallization and synthetic ACC stability

  decreases

  GAP 65, moreover, inhibited calcium carbonate crystallization in vitro and stabilized synthetic ACC

  PMID:18480260 · one of two readings recorded this

• GAP 65 transcript levels in gastrolith disk

  decreases

  In vivo administration of GAP 65 dsRNA resulted in a significant reduction of GAP 65 transcript levels in the gastrolith disk

  PMID:18480260 · one of two readings recorded this

• structure and morphology of chitinous-ACC extracellular matrix

  modulates

  Such gene silencing also caused dramatic structural and morphological deformities in the chitinous-ACC extracellular matrix structure

  PMID:18480260 · one of two readings recorded this

• calcium binding capacity of major organic matrix phosphoproteins

  increases

  We have identified the major phosphoproteins of the organic matrix and showed that they have high calcium binding capacity

  PMID:20416381 · one of two readings recorded this

• formation of highly stable ACC

  increases

  Based on the above, in vitro precipitation experiments with single phosphoamino acids were performed, indicating that phosphoserine or phosphothreonine alone can induce the formation of highly stable ACC

  PMID:20416381 · one of two readings recorded this

• stable ACC formation in vitro

  increases

  We show that extracellular organic matrix extracted from gastroliths of the red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus induce stable ACC formation in vitro

  PMID:20416381 · one of two readings recorded this

• mineral phase sequence in forming spicules

  unclear

  observe a sequence of three mineral phases: hydrated amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC · H(2)O) → dehydrated amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) → calcite

  PMID:22492931 · one of two readings recorded this

• persistence of ACC·H2O-rich nanoparticles after surrounding mineral dehydrated and crystallized

  unclear

  we find ACC · H(2)O-rich nanoparticles that persist after the surrounding mineral has dehydrated and crystallized

  PMID:22492931 · one of two readings recorded this

• stabilization of ACC·H2O

  increases

  the most abundant occluded matrix protein in the sea urchin spicules, SM50, stabilizes ACC · H(2)O in vitro

  PMID:22492931 · one of two readings recorded this

• imatinib plasma AUC0-inf and Cmax

  no effect, p = 0.99, n = 11

  Coadministration of calcium carbonate with imatinib did not result in statistically significant difference in imatinib plasma AUC0-inf (P = 0.99) or Cmax (P = 0.89).

  PMID:24170263 · both readings recorded this

• total bone mineral and bone size accrued by young adulthood, DXA

  no effect

  By young adulthood, supplementation did not change the amount of bone accrued (mineral or size) or the rate of bone growth.

  PMID:24762110 · one of two readings recorded this

• whole-body and regional (lumbar spine, total hip) bone mineral content and bone area, and age at peak velocity of bone growth, by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry with superimposition-by-translation-and-rotation modelling

  no effect

  Not recorded as a finding: a node exists but the paper states a different instrument or population

  By young adulthood, supplementation did not change the amount of bone accrued (mineral or size) or the rate of bone growth.

  PMID:24762110 · one of two readings recorded this

• whole-body, lumbar spine and total hip bone mineral content and bone size, and rate of bone growth, by young adulthood

  no effect

  By young adulthood, supplementation did not change the amount of bone accrued (mineral or size) or the rate of bone growth.

  PMID:24762110 · one of two readings recorded this

• whole-body, lumbar spine and total hip bone mineral content (BMC) and bone area, by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, by young adulthood

  no effect

  Not recorded as a finding: a node exists but the paper states a different instrument or population

  By young adulthood, supplementation did not change the amount of bone accrued (mineral or size) or the rate of bone growth.

  PMID:24762110 · one of two readings recorded this

• nemonoxacin AUC0-∞, Cmax and urine recovery (Ae)

  decreases, calcium carbonate: AUC0-∞ decreased 17.8%, Cmax decreased 14.3%, Ae decreased 18.4%

  Administration of nemonoxacin concomitantly with ferrous sulfate markedly decreased AUC0-∞ by 63.7%, Cmax by 57.0%, and Ae by 59.7%, while concomitant administration of nemonoxacin with calcium carbonate mildly decreased AUC0-∞ by 17.8%, Cmax by 14.3%, and Ae by 18.4%.

  PMID:25327812 · one of two readings recorded this

• nemonoxacin systemic exposure: AUC0-inf, Cmax, urinary recovery (Ae)

  decreases, AUC0-inf decreased 17.8%, Cmax decreased 14.3%, Ae decreased 18.4%

  Administration of nemonoxacin concomitantly with ferrous sulfate markedly decreased AUC0-∞ by 63.7%, Cmax by 57.0%, and Ae by 59.7%, while concomitant administration of nemonoxacin with calcium carbonate mildly decreased AUC0-∞ by 17.8%, Cmax by 14.3%, and Ae by 18.4%.

  PMID:25327812 · one of two readings recorded this

• dentin hypersensitivity pain response to evaporative stimulus, VAS, day 90

  decreases, 72% for LLL, 65.4% for DP, 54.6% for LLL+DP, 69.6% for DP+LLL; placebo increased 7.8%

  On day 90, percent reduction in VAS scores was 72% for LLL, 65.4% for DP, 54.6% for LLL+DP, and 69.6% for DP+LLL, whereas the placebo group showed an increase of 7.8%.

  PMID:25764483 · one of two readings recorded this

• dentin hypersensitivity pain response to evaporative stimulus, visual analogue scale (VAS), over a 90-day period

  decreases, 65.4% reduction in VAS score for DP by day 90

  Not recorded as a finding: the intervention held more than the compound

  On day 90, percent reduction in VAS scores was 72% for LLL, 65.4% for DP, 54.6% for LLL+DP, and 69.6% for DP+LLL, whereas the placebo group showed an increase of 7.8%.

  PMID:25764483 · one of two readings recorded this

• dentin hypersensitivity pain response to evaporative stimulus, visual analogue scale (VAS)

  decreases, 72% VAS reduction for LLL, 65.4% for DP, 54.6% for LLL+DP, 69.6% for DP+LLL by day 90; placebo group increased 7.8%

  Not recorded as a finding: the intervention held more than the compound

  On day 90, percent reduction in VAS scores was 72% for LLL, 65.4% for DP, 54.6% for LLL+DP, and 69.6% for DP+LLL, whereas the placebo group showed an increase of 7.8%.

  PMID:25764483 · one of two readings recorded this

• pain response to evaporative stimulus, visual analogue scale (VAS)

  decreases, 72% VAS reduction for LLL, 65.4% for DP, 54.6% for LLL+DP, 69.6% for DP+LLL by day 90; placebo group increased 7.8%

  On day 90, percent reduction in VAS scores was 72% for LLL, 65.4% for DP, 54.6% for LLL+DP, and 69.6% for DP+LLL, whereas the placebo group showed an increase of 7.8%.

  PMID:25764483 · one of two readings recorded this

• dropout due to treatment intolerance

  decreases, RR 3.46, 95% CI 1.48 to 8.26 (calcium acetate vs calcium carbonate)

  There was a significantly higher incidence of intolerance with calcium acetate treatment (3 studies, 243 participants: RR 3.46, 95% CI 1.48 to 8.26, Fig. 6).

  PMID:25799184 · one of two readings recorded this

• incidence of hypercalcemia

  no effect, RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.29

  There was no significant difference for the incidence of hypercalcemia (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.29, Fig. 7) between calcium acetate group (24/261, 9.2%) and calcium carbonate group (30/269, 11.2%).

  PMID:25799184 · one of two readings recorded this

• biochemical markers of secondary hyperparathyroidism (parathyroid hormone, calcium, vitamin D)

  After 60 days of supplementation, biochemical tests were repeated, showing improvement in both groups.

  PMID:26537273 · one of two readings recorded this

• biochemical tests for secondary hyperparathyroidism (parathyroid hormone, calcium, vitamin D) after 60 days of supplementation

  After 60 days of supplementation, biochemical tests were repeated, showing improvement in both groups.

  PMID:26537273 · one of two readings recorded this

• BMI, boys subgroup

  increases, +2.6 (1.2)%, p=0.04, p = 0.04

  This difference was only statistically significant for BMI in boys (M-Ca v M-P = +2.6 (1.2)%, p=0.04), equating to a BMIAZ difference of +0.25 (0.1) of a standard deviation.

  PMID:30465917 · one of two readings recorded this

• body mass index SD-score

  increases, BMI +2.6% (SE 1.2), P = 0.04, significant in boys only

  This difference was only statistically significant for BMI in boys (M-Ca v M-P = +2.6 (1.2)%, p=0.04), equating to a BMIAZ difference of +0.25 (0.1) of a standard deviation.

  PMID:30465917 · one of two readings recorded this

• IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), immunoassay

  unclear, sex-specific pattern similar to IGF1, significant sex*supplement interaction

  Trends consistent with this pattern were also observed for IGFBP3, IGF1:√IGFBP3 and IGF1:IGFBP3, with significant interaction terms in joint models for IGFBP3 and IGF1:√IGFBP3 (Table 2).

  PMID:30465917 · one of two readings recorded this

• plasma IGF1, IGFBP3 and anthropometric variables, sexes combined

  no effect

  There were no significant differences in IGF1, IGFBP3 or anthropometric variables in the children between the maternal supplement groups with sexes combined (all P >0.5).

  PMID:30465917 · one of two readings recorded this

• plasma IGF1, IGFBP3, leptin, insulin and anthropometric indices (height, weight, BMI, MUAC, triceps skinfold thickness) in mid-childhood offspring of calcium-supplemented mothers

  no effect

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  There were no significant differences in IGF1, IGFBP3 or anthropometric variables in the children between the maternal supplement groups with sexes combined (all P >0.5).

  PMID:30465917 · one of two readings recorded this

• plasma insulin, immunoassay

  no effect

  There were no significant differences for any variable between the maternal supplement groups with sexes separated or combined, and there were no significant sex*supplement group interactions.

  PMID:30465917 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum leptin, ELISA

  no effect

  There were no significant differences for any variable between the maternal supplement groups with sexes separated or combined, and there were no significant sex*supplement group interactions.

  PMID:30465917 · one of two readings recorded this

• tumor extracellular pH modulation by MRI and tumor metastasis, in murine fibrosarcoma and breast cancer models given continuous nano-CaCO3 infusion

  decreases

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  Continuous nano-CaCO3 infusion could inhibit metastasis.

  PMID:30730790 · one of two readings recorded this

• Tumor metastasis in murine fibrosarcoma and breast cancer models following continuous nano-CaCO3 infusion

  decreases

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  Continuous nano-CaCO3 infusion could inhibit metastasis.

  PMID:30730790 · one of two readings recorded this

• Adverse events

  Five subjects experienced a total of eight AEs during the study (Table 2).

  PMID:32302064 · one of two readings recorded this

• Plasma calcium concentration-time profile

  no effect

  The mean plasma concentration‐time profiles following oral administration of a single dose of calcium glucoheptonate and calcium carbonate were comparable.

  PMID:32302064 · one of two readings recorded this

• Plasma calcium pharmacokinetics (Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-6h, AUC0-12h) by ICP-OES following a single oral dose

  no effect

  Not recorded as a finding: the comparison was against another active treatment

  The mean plasma concentration‐time profiles following oral administration of a single dose of calcium glucoheptonate and calcium carbonate were comparable.

  PMID:32302064 · one of two readings recorded this

• relative oral bioavailability of calcium (Cmax, AUC0-t) by ICP-OES

  92% within 6 hours and 89% within 12 hours

  The relative oral bioavailability (F) of calcium from calcium glucoheptonate as compared to calcium carbonate was 92% within 6 hours and 89% within 12 hours after study drug administration.

  PMID:32302064 · one of two readings recorded this

• Relative oral bioavailability of calcium (F, AUC-based)

  92% within 6 hours and 89% within 12 hours

  The relative oral bioavailability (F) of calcium from calcium glucoheptonate as compared to calcium carbonate was 92% within 6 hours and 89% within 12 hours after study drug administration.

  PMID:32302064 · one of two readings recorded this

• amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) formation and stabilization by extracellular polymeric substances of cave bacterial strains, characterized by SEM, TEM, Raman and FTIR

  Not recorded as a finding: the compound is what was measured, not what was given

  Here, we show that several bacterial strains isolated from a Hungarian cave produce ACC and their extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) shields ACC from crystallization.

  PMID:32457467 · one of two readings recorded this

• hemolysis and cytotoxicity safety of hybrid nanoparticles

  no effect, hemolysis <1.5% at 2 mg/mL

  Not recorded as a finding: no matching outcome node for nanoparticle hemolysis/cytotoxicity safety screening

  As shown in Figure 10A, no hybrid nanoparticles showed any apparent hemolysis (<1.5%) even at a concentration of 2 mg/mL.

  PMID:32606663 · one of two readings recorded this

• hemolysis and cytotoxicity safety

  no effect, hemolysis <1.5% at 2 mg/mL

  As shown in Figure 10A, no hybrid nanoparticles showed any apparent hemolysis (<1.5%) even at a concentration of 2 mg/mL.

  PMID:32606663 · one of two readings recorded this

• tumor tissue distribution (fluorescence imaging)

  increases, 100 nm particles showed 2.03-fold and 4.45-fold greater tumor distribution than 200 nm and 300 nm particles

  As shown in Figure 9, B and, the distribution of 100 nm hybrid nanoparticles in tumors was 2.03- and 4.45-fold that of 200 nm and 300 nm ones, respectively.

  PMID:32606663 · one of two readings recorded this

• frequency of CD69+ B cells

  increases

  Our experimental results demonstrated that LNT-CaCO3 significantly enhanced lymphocyte proliferation, and boosted the frequency of CD69 + B cells and the ratio of CD4+ to CD8 + T cells in spleen lymphocytes

  PMID:32718625 · one of two readings recorded this

• IgG secretion

  increases

  Moreover, LNT-CaCO3 unexpectedly induced the secretion of IgG and Th-associated cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) in immunized mice

  PMID:32718625 · one of two readings recorded this

• lymphocyte proliferation

  increases

  Our experimental results demonstrated that LNT-CaCO3 significantly enhanced lymphocyte proliferation, and boosted the frequency of CD69 + B cells and the ratio of CD4+ to CD8 + T cells in spleen lymphocytes

  PMID:32718625 · one of two readings recorded this

• ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T cells in spleen lymphocytes of immunized mice

  increases, boosted the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T cells

  Not recorded as a finding: the intervention held more than the compound

  Our experimental results demonstrated that LNT-CaCO3 significantly enhanced lymphocyte proliferation, and boosted the frequency of CD69 + B cells and the ratio of CD4+ to CD8 + T cells in spleen lymphocytes.

  PMID:32718625 · one of two readings recorded this

• ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T cells

  increases

  Our experimental results demonstrated that LNT-CaCO3 significantly enhanced lymphocyte proliferation, and boosted the frequency of CD69 + B cells and the ratio of CD4+ to CD8 + T cells in spleen lymphocytes

  PMID:32718625 · one of two readings recorded this

• spleen lymphocyte CD4+ to CD8+ T cell ratio and CD69+ B cell frequency in immunized mice

  increases

  Not recorded as a finding: the intervention held more than the compound

  Our experimental results demonstrated that LNT-CaCO3 significantly enhanced lymphocyte proliferation, and boosted the frequency of CD69 + B cells and the ratio of CD4+ to CD8 + T cells in spleen lymphocytes.

  PMID:32718625 · one of two readings recorded this

• Th-associated cytokine secretion (IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α)

  increases

  Moreover, LNT-CaCO3 unexpectedly induced the secretion of IgG and Th-associated cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) in immunized mice

  PMID:32718625 · one of two readings recorded this

• carboxyl esterase specific activity after cross-linked immobilization in calcium carbonate microspheres

  decreases, 48.32 vs 7.63 mM min-1 mg-1 (free vs cross-linked CE)

  Not recorded as a finding: no matching outcome node for in vitro enzyme-immobilization kinetics

  The specific activities of free and cross-linked CE were 48.32 and 7.63 mM min–11 mg–11, respectively.

  PMID:33163476 · one of two readings recorded this

• carboxyl esterase specific activity

  decreases, 48.32 vs 7.63 mM min-1 mg-1 (free vs cross-linked CE)

  The specific activities of free and cross-linked CE were 48.32 and 7.63 mM min–11 mg–11, respectively.

  PMID:33163476 · one of two readings recorded this

• enzyme storage/recycling stability

  increases, >60% activity retained after 10 reuses; stable over 30 days

  As shown in Figures 3C, after reusing the enzyme 10 times, >60% of the activity was maintained depending upon the initial activity value.

  PMID:33163476 · one of two readings recorded this

• appendicular lean mass by DXA

  no effect

  Similarly, there was no significant within-subject change in lean mass in either the upper or lower extremity in either treatment group (Tables 2 and 3).

  PMID:33705355 · one of two readings recorded this

• Lean body mass (DXA), upper and lower extremity

  no effect

  Similarly, there was no significant within-subject change in lean mass in either the upper or lower extremity in either treatment group (Tables 2 and 3).

  PMID:33705355 · one of two readings recorded this

• Lower extremity isokinetic peak torque, flexion, 5 repetitions

  increases, 26.1 ±11.5% (moderate VitD) versus 16.3 ±6.4% (low VitD)

  Greater increase in muscle strength was apparent in the moderate versus low VitD group in lower extremity isokinetic strength, 5 repetitions, only for peak torque (flexion) (26.1 ±11.5% versus 16.3 ±6.4%, P<0.05; Figure 1).

  PMID:33705355 · both readings recorded this

• acid-neutralizing capacity and free-radical scavenging capacity of tannylated calcium carbonate (TA-CaCO3) material in vitro, and mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory factors and intracellular ROS in H2O2-exposed chondrocytes

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  The TA-CaCO3 materials could efficiently neutralize the acid solution and scavenge free radicals.

  PMID:33924775 · one of two readings recorded this

• Acid-neutralizing capacity, free-radical scavenging, pro-inflammatory mRNA levels and intracellular reactive oxygen species in H2O2-challenged chondrocytes

  Not recorded as a finding: the trial gave a chemically different species

  TA-CaCO3 synthesized at a molar ratio of 1:75 (TA:calcium chloride (CaCl2)/sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)) showed 3-6 μm particles, comprising small nanoparticles in a size range of 17-41 nm.

  PMID:33924775 · one of two readings recorded this

• antacid neutralization of simulated gastric fluid

  increases

  CaCO3 and TA-CaCO3 showed a deep blue color of BTB at pH = 7.4, indicating the slight pH increases of the solution following the degradation of CaCO3 and TA-CaCO3, even at pH = 7.4.

  PMID:33924775 · one of two readings recorded this

• DPPH radical-scavenging (antioxidant) activity

  no effect

  CaCO3-treated DPPH solution also had a deep violet color and an absorption band at around 520 nm, indicating that CaCO3 had no antioxidant effect.

  PMID:33924775 · one of two readings recorded this

• in vitro antioxidant (DPPH radical-scavenging) activity of commercial calcium carbonate compared with tannylated calcium carbonate

  no effect

  Not recorded as a finding: a node exists but the paper states a different instrument or population

  CaCO3-treated DPPH solution also had a deep violet color and an absorption band at around 520 nm, indicating that CaCO3 had no antioxidant effect.

  PMID:33924775 · one of two readings recorded this

• Adverse events

  282 (25.7%) with lanthanum carbonate versus 259 (23.4%) with calcium carbonate

  Adverse events occurred in 282 (25.7%) in the lanthanum carbonate group and 259 (23.4%) in the calcium carbonate groups.

  PMID:34003226 · one of two readings recorded this

• composite cardiovascular event (cardiovascular death, nonfatal MI or stroke, unstable angina, TIA, or hospitalization for heart failure or ventricular arrhythmia)

  no effect

  Not recorded as a finding: the comparison was against another active treatment

  Among patients undergoing hemodialysis with hyperphosphatemia and at least 1 vascular calcification risk factor, treatment of hyperphosphatemia with lanthanum carbonate compared with calcium carbonate did not result in a significant difference in composite cardiovascular events.

  PMID:34003226 · one of two readings recorded this

• composite cardiovascular event (cardiovascular death, nonfatal MI/stroke, unstable angina, TIA, hospitalization for heart failure or ventricular arrhythmia)

  no effect

  Among patients undergoing hemodialysis with hyperphosphatemia and at least 1 vascular calcification risk factor, treatment of hyperphosphatemia with lanthanum carbonate compared with calcium carbonate did not result in a significant difference in composite cardiovascular events.

  PMID:34003226 · one of two readings recorded this

• Composite cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke, unstable angina, TIA, or hospitalization for heart failure or ventricular arrhythmia)

  no effect

  Not recorded as a finding: the comparison was against another active treatment

  Among patients undergoing hemodialysis with hyperphosphatemia and at least 1 vascular calcification risk factor, treatment of hyperphosphatemia with lanthanum carbonate compared with calcium carbonate did not result in a significant difference in composite cardiovascular events.

  PMID:34003226 · one of two readings recorded this

• Composite cardiovascular events (CV death, nonfatal MI or stroke, unstable angina, TIA, hospitalization for heart failure or ventricular arrhythmia)

  no effect

  Among patients undergoing hemodialysis with hyperphosphatemia and at least 1 vascular calcification risk factor, treatment of hyperphosphatemia with lanthanum carbonate compared with calcium carbonate did not result in a significant difference in composite cardiovascular events.

  PMID:34003226 · one of two readings recorded this

• activation of ureolytic microorganisms and carbonate content in solution

  increases

  increasing solution pH results in a faster activation of ureolytic microorganisms and higher carbonate content in solution

  PMID:34942547 · one of two readings recorded this

• soil response (urea hydrolysis, carbonate content)

  no effect

  the soil response to treatments of cow urine within pH of 7 and 9 are similar to the chemical-based solution

  PMID:34942547 · one of two readings recorded this

• urea concentration and stability

  unclear

  urea concentration and stability in fresh and sterilised cow urine are suitable for MICP application

  PMID:34942547 · one of two readings recorded this

• albumin-adjusted serum calcium and ion activity product of calcium oxalate (AP[CaOx] index); secondary: urinary oxalate/creatinine ratio, SF-36 QOL, fatigue, constipation, adverse events

  decreases, -2.46 mmol/mol (SD 11.93) versus 7.42 mmol/mol (SD 17.63), p = 0.029

  Not recorded as a finding: the comparison was against another active treatment

  Ca-Cit was associated with a significant reduction in the oxalate/creatinine ratio compared with CaCO3 (-2.46 mmol/mol [SD 11.93] versus 7.42 mmol/mol [SD 17.63], p = 0.029).

  PMID:35466449 · one of two readings recorded this

• Albumin-adjusted serum calcium and ion activity product of calcium oxalate (AP[CaOx] index)

  no effect

  Not recorded as a finding: the comparison was against another active treatment

  No difference in terms of AP(CaOx) index was observed between the two groups.

  PMID:35466449 · one of two readings recorded this

• constipation

  decreases, p = 0.047

  Ca-Cit was associated with less constipation (p = 0.047).

  PMID:35466449 · both readings recorded this

• Ion activity product of calcium oxalate (AP[CaOx] index)

  no effect

  No difference in terms of AP(CaOx) index was observed between the two groups.

  PMID:35466449 · both readings recorded this

• Quality of life (SF-36 survey score)

  no effect

  No difference was found in QOL scores.

  PMID:35466449 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum calcium and phosphorus concentration

  no effect

  Serum calcium and phosphorus concentration was not different between the two calcium preparations.

  PMID:35466449 · both readings recorded this

• Urinary oxalate/creatinine ratio

  decreases, -2.46 mmol/mol (SD 11.93) with Ca-Cit versus 7.42 mmol/mol (SD 17.63) with CaCO3, p = 0.029

  However, Ca-Cit was associated with a significant reduction in the oxalate/creatinine ratio compared with CaCO3 (-2.46 mmol/mol [SD 11.93] versus 7.42 mmol/mol [SD 17.63], p = 0.029).

  PMID:35466449 · both readings recorded this

• bench press mean power output, Tendo linear transducer

  p = 0.119

  Not recorded as a finding: instrument mismatch with mean-power-output node, which requires a fixed-duration cycle-ergometer effort; this trial measured bar-velocity power during a bench press exercise, a different modality

  However, no significant interactions were noted in the number of repetitions performed (F = 2.077, p = 0.136), peak power (F = 0.678, p = 0.494), or mean power (F = 2.232, p = 0.119).

  PMID:35565859 · one of two readings recorded this

• bench press peak power output, Tendo linear transducer

  p = 0.494

  Not recorded as a finding: instrument mismatch with peak-power-output node, which requires a Wingate cycle-ergometer protocol; this trial measured bar-velocity power during a bench press exercise, a different modality

  However, no significant interactions were noted in the number of repetitions performed (F = 2.077, p = 0.136), peak power (F = 0.678, p = 0.494), or mean power (F = 2.232, p = 0.119).

  PMID:35565859 · one of two readings recorded this

• Bench press repetitions performed (post-exercise recovery)

  no effect, p = 0.136

  However, no significant interactions were noted in the number of repetitions performed (F = 2.077, p = 0.136), peak power (F = 0.678, p = 0.494), or mean power (F = 2.232, p = 0.119).

  PMID:35565859 · one of two readings recorded this

• Circulating IL-10

  no effect, p = 0.786

  No significant interactions were noted between ACC and PL in circulating concentrations of IL-6 (F = 0.201, p = 0.859), IL-10 (F = 0.103, p = 0.786), or TNFα (F =1.705, p = 0.190).

  PMID:35565859 · one of two readings recorded this

• Circulating IL-6

  no effect, p = 0.859

  No significant interactions were noted between ACC and PL in circulating concentrations of IL-6 (F = 0.201, p = 0.859), IL-10 (F = 0.103, p = 0.786), or TNFα (F =1.705, p = 0.190).

  PMID:35565859 · one of two readings recorded this

• Circulating TNFα

  no effect, p = 0.19

  No significant interactions were noted between ACC and PL in circulating concentrations of IL-6 (F = 0.201, p = 0.859), IL-10 (F = 0.103, p = 0.786), or TNFα (F =1.705, p = 0.190).

  PMID:35565859 · one of two readings recorded this

• Creatine kinase-M (CK-M) concentration, ELISA

  no effect, p = 0.16

  Not recorded as a finding: creatine-kinase node requires CK activity by clinical enzymatic assay; this trial measured CK-M concentration by ELISA (Abcam ab264617), a different analyte/instrument from the node's definition.

  A significant main effect for time (F = 5.580, p = 0.007) was seen, but no significant interaction was noted between the groups (F = 1.914, p = 0.160).

  PMID:35565859 · one of two readings recorded this

• Creatine kinase-M (CK-M), ELISA

  no effect, p = 0.16

  A significant main effect for time (F = 5.580, p = 0.007) was seen, but no significant interaction was noted between the groups (F = 1.914, p = 0.160).

  PMID:35565859 · one of two readings recorded this

• general whole-body muscle soreness, 15 cm VAS

  no effect, p = 0.452

  Not recorded as a finding: the only sentence carrying the between-group result is agentless (does not name ACC/PL), so it cannot self-support a claim; recorded here instead

  No significant interaction was noted in general soreness (F = 0.809, p = 0.452), but a trend toward an interaction was observed in upper body soreness (F = 2.551, p = 0.089).

  PMID:35565859 · one of two readings recorded this

• General whole-body muscle soreness (VAS)

  no effect, p = 0.452

  No significant interaction was noted in general soreness (F = 0.809, p = 0.452), but a trend toward an interaction was observed in upper body soreness (F = 2.551, p = 0.089).

  PMID:35565859 · one of two readings recorded this

• Mean power output (bench press, Tendo unit)

  no effect, p = 0.119

  However, no significant interactions were noted in the number of repetitions performed (F = 2.077, p = 0.136), peak power (F = 0.678, p = 0.494), or mean power (F = 2.232, p = 0.119).

  PMID:35565859 · one of two readings recorded this

• number of bench press repetitions performed

  no effect, p = 0.136

  However, no significant interactions were noted in the number of repetitions performed (F = 2.077, p = 0.136), peak power (F = 0.678, p = 0.494), or mean power (F = 2.232, p = 0.119).

  PMID:35565859 · one of two readings recorded this

• Peak and mean power output during bench press repetitions (Tendo Power Output Unit)

  no effect

  Not recorded as a finding: peak-power-output and mean-power-output nodes require a cycle-ergometer 30-second Wingate test; this trial measured power during resistance-exercise (bench press) repetitions with a linear-velocity transducer, a different modality and instrument.

  However, no significant interactions were noted in the number of repetitions performed (F = 2.077, p = 0.136), peak power (F = 0.678, p = 0.494), or mean power (F = 2.232, p = 0.119).

  PMID:35565859 · one of two readings recorded this

• Peak power output (bench press, Tendo unit)

  no effect, p = 0.494

  However, no significant interactions were noted in the number of repetitions performed (F = 2.077, p = 0.136), peak power (F = 0.678, p = 0.494), or mean power (F = 2.232, p = 0.119).

  PMID:35565859 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum creatine kinase (CK-M) concentration

  no effect, p = 0.16

  Not recorded as a finding: the only sentence carrying the between-group result is agentless (does not name ACC/PL), so it cannot self-support a claim; recorded here instead

  A significant main effect for time (F = 5.580, p = 0.007) was seen, but no significant interaction was noted between the groups (F = 1.914, p = 0.160).

  PMID:35565859 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum creatine kinase (CK-M)

  no effect, p = 0.16

  A significant main effect for time (F = 5.580, p = 0.007) was seen, but no significant interaction was noted between the groups (F = 1.914, p = 0.160).

  PMID:35565859 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentration

  no effect, p = 0.786

  Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node exists for interleukin-10

  No significant interactions were noted between ACC and PL in circulating concentrations of IL-6 (F = 0.201, p = 0.859), IL-10 (F = 0.103, p = 0.786), or TNFα (F =1.705, p = 0.190).

  PMID:35565859 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum interleukin-10 (IL-10)

  no effect, p = 0.786

  No significant interactions were noted between ACC and PL in circulating concentrations of IL-6 (F = 0.201, p = 0.859), IL-10 (F = 0.103, p = 0.786), or TNFα (F =1.705, p = 0.190).

  PMID:35565859 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum interleukin-6 (IL-6)

  no effect, p = 0.859

  No significant interactions were noted between ACC and PL in circulating concentrations of IL-6 (F = 0.201, p = 0.859), IL-10 (F = 0.103, p = 0.786), or TNFα (F =1.705, p = 0.190).

  PMID:35565859 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)

  no effect, p = 0.19

  No significant interactions were noted between ACC and PL in circulating concentrations of IL-6 (F = 0.201, p = 0.859), IL-10 (F = 0.103, p = 0.786), or TNFα (F =1.705, p = 0.190).

  PMID:35565859 · one of two readings recorded this

• Upper body muscle soreness (15 cm VAS), regional

  decreases, very likely (97.4%) or likely beneficial at T4 and T5 respectively

  Not recorded as a finding: Distinct regional (upper-body) soreness result from the same trial, reported by magnitude-based inference rather than the hypothesis-test used for the general-soreness claim already recorded on the muscle-soreness node; kept out to avoid two conflicting directions on one node from one paper.

  However, when examining the effects of ACC on reducing specifically upper body soreness, results indicated that ACC was very likely (97.4%) or likely beneficial at T4 and T5, respectively.

  PMID:35565859 · one of two readings recorded this

• upper body muscle soreness, 15 cm VAS

  p = 0.089

  Not recorded as a finding: sentence reports a non-significant trend only (p = 0.089), no two-sided null or significant direction stated in words

  No significant interaction was noted in general soreness (F = 0.809, p = 0.452), but a trend toward an interaction was observed in upper body soreness (F = 2.551, p = 0.089).

  PMID:35565859 · one of two readings recorded this

• Upper body muscle soreness (VAS)

  decreases, very likely (97.4%) or likely beneficial at T4 and T5 respectively

  However, when examining the effects of ACC on reducing specifically upper body soreness, results indicated that ACC was very likely (97.4%) or likely beneficial at T4 and T5, respectively.

  PMID:35565859 · one of two readings recorded this

• beam-walking foot slips

  increases

  In the beam-walking test, the mice fed the 1.0% calcium carbonate diet showed a significantly higher number of foot slips than the mice fed the control diet.

  PMID:35584940 · one of two readings recorded this

• catalepsy duration (horizontal-bar test)

  increases, approximately 4-fold vs control

  The mice fed the diets containing calcium carbonate maintained the unusual posture for a prolonged period of time, with their times being approximately four times that of the control mice.

  PMID:35584940 · one of two readings recorded this

• catalepsy duration on a horizontal-bar test

  increases, approximately four-fold increase in catalepsy duration vs control

  Not recorded as a finding: no matching outcome node for catalepsy/Parkinsonian motor testing in mice

  The mice fed the diets containing calcium carbonate maintained the unusual posture for a prolonged period of time, with their times being approximately four times that of the control mice.

  PMID:35584940 · one of two readings recorded this

• dopamine concentration, basal ganglia

  decreases

  Intake of calcium carbonate decreased the dopamine concentration in the basal ganglia.

  PMID:35584940 · one of two readings recorded this

• forepaw step length (gait analysis)

  decreases

  Although the stride length did not change, the step width of the forepaws was significantly shorter in the mice fed with the 1.0% calcium carbonate diet.

  PMID:35584940 · one of two readings recorded this

• Motor dysfunction (catalepsy test, muscular strength assessment, pole test, beam-walking test, gait analysis) in calcium-carbonate-fed mice

  increases

  Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node exists for this composite motor-dysfunction battery

  The diets containing calcium carbonate caused significant motor dysfunction, as revealed by the different tests, although the spontaneous locomotor activity did not change.

  PMID:35584940 · one of two readings recorded this

• motor function (composite of catalepsy test, muscular strength assessment, pole test, beam-walking test, gait analysis)

  decreases

  Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node exists for this composite motor-function behavioural battery

  The diets containing calcium carbonate caused significant motor dysfunction, as revealed by the different tests, although the spontaneous locomotor activity did not change.

  PMID:35584940 · one of two readings recorded this

• number of tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive neurons in the substantia nigra

  decreases, approximately 5.0-fold higher neuron count in control mice than 0.6% calcium-carbonate-fed mice

  Not recorded as a finding: no matching outcome node for dopaminergic neuron counts

  The number of TH-positive neurons in the control mice was approximately 5.0-fold higher than that in the 0.6% calcium carbonate-fed mice.

  PMID:35584940 · one of two readings recorded this

• Spontaneous locomotor activity, open-field test, in calcium-carbonate-fed mice

  no effect

  Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node exists for open-field spontaneous locomotor activity

  The diets containing calcium carbonate caused significant motor dysfunction, as revealed by the different tests, although the spontaneous locomotor activity did not change.

  PMID:35584940 · one of two readings recorded this

• spontaneous locomotor activity, open-field test

  no effect

  Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node exists for open-field spontaneous locomotor activity

  The diets containing calcium carbonate caused significant motor dysfunction, as revealed by the different tests, although the spontaneous locomotor activity did not change.

  PMID:35584940 · one of two readings recorded this

• spontaneous locomotor activity (open-field test)

  no effect

  These results revealed no difference in locomotor activity between the mice fed the control and calcium carbonate diets.

  PMID:35584940 · one of two readings recorded this

• tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neuron count, substantia nigra

  decreases

  Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node exists for dopaminergic (TH-positive) neuron count

  Calcium carbonate supplementation decreased the dopamine content in the basal ganglia, including the striatum and substantia nigra, and the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the substantia nigra.

  PMID:35584940 · one of two readings recorded this

• tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression, substantia nigra and striatum

  decreases

  The number of TH-positive neurons in the control mice was approximately 5.0-fold higher than that in the 0.6% calcium carbonate-fed mice.

  PMID:35584940 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum alkaline phosphatase

  increases, RR: 6.86, 95% CI: (5.45, 8.27), P < 0.00001

  The ALP in the combination group was significantly higher than that in the monotherapy group, and the difference was statistically significant (RR: 6.86, 95% CI: (5.45, 8.27), P < 0.00001).

  PMID:35845743 · one of two readings recorded this

• bone mineral density, osteocalcin, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium, serum phosphorus and clinical efficacy in osteoporosis patients, pooled by meta-analysis of RevMan 5.2

  increases, RR: 0.07, 95% CI: (0.06, 0.08), P < 0.00001 (bone mineral density)

  Not recorded as a finding: the intervention held more than the compound

  The BMD of the combination group was significantly higher than that of the monotherapy group, and the difference was statistically significant (RR: 0.07, 95% CI: (0.06, 0.08), P < 0.00001).

  PMID:35845743 · one of two readings recorded this

• bone mineral density

  increases, RR: 0.07, 95% CI: (0.06, 0.08), P < 0.00001

  The BMD of the combination group was significantly higher than that of the monotherapy group, and the difference was statistically significant (RR: 0.07, 95% CI: (0.06, 0.08), P < 0.00001).

  PMID:35845743 · one of two readings recorded this

• clinical efficacy

  increases, RR: 1.25, 95% CI: (1.16, 1.36), P < 0.00001

  The efficacy of the combination group was significantly higher than that of the single drug group, and the difference was statistically significant after the combination of all studies (RR: 1.25, 95% CI: (1.16, 1.36), P < 0.00001).

  PMID:35845743 · one of two readings recorded this

• osteocalcin

  increases, RR: −0.41, 95% CI: (−0.53, −0.30), P < 0.00001

  The random-effect model was used for analysis, and osteocalcin level in the combination group was significantly higher than that in the monotherapy group, with statistically significant differences between the combined studies (RR: −0.41, 95% CI: (−0.53, −0.30), P < 0.00001).

  PMID:35845743 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum calcium

  increases, RR: 0.28, 95% CI: (0.26, 0.36), P < 0.00001

  The random-effect model was used for analysis, and serum calcium in the combination group was significantly higher than that in the monotherapy group, with statistically significant differences between the combined studies (RR: 0.28, 95% CI: (0.26, 0.36), P < 0.00001).

  PMID:35845743 · one of two readings recorded this

• early-stage inflammatory reaction

  decreases

  By initially releasing aspirin rapidly, the hydrogel composite efficiently ameliorates early-stage inflammatory reaction and promotes transition to the regenerative phase

  PMID:36184142 · one of two readings recorded this

• new-bone formation

  increases

  Using an SD rat calvaria-defect model, the sequential and controllable release achieved by the hydrogel is demonstrated to promote new-bone formation

  PMID:36184142 · one of two readings recorded this

• unconfined compressive strength and CaCO3 content of biocemented sand as a function of bacterial strain, biomass concentration, pH, temperature and cementation-solution composition during ureolytic microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation

  Not recorded as a finding: a design this vocabulary does not classify

  This paper describes and critically discusses, based on current literature, the key influencing factors involved in the cementation of sand by ureolytic MICP.

  PMID:36576609 · one of two readings recorded this

• unconfined compressive strength of biocemented sand

  increases, UCS up to 2.5 MPa

  Using this method, Cheng et al. were able to consolidate silica sand to a compressive strength of 2.5 MPa using Sporosarcina pasteurii and achieved a nearly homogeneous distribution in a 360 mm column.

  PMID:36576609 · one of two readings recorded this

• 1RM bench press

  no effect

  Not recorded as a finding: same endpoint node (1rm-strength) already claimed from the back squat result; bench press result is null/trend for this instrument

  No differences were found between the groups in bench press 1-RM values; however, a strong between-group difference trend (p < 0.06) was found in absolute bench press 1-RM values.

  PMID:36771244 · one of two readings recorded this

• anthropometric measurements (body mass, height, body composition)

  no effect

  No differences were observed between groups or within groups in anthropometric measurements.

  PMID:36771244 · one of two readings recorded this

• Anthropometric measures and health/injury questionnaires

  no effect

  No differences (within- or between-groups) were observed in the anthropometric values or in the questionnaires' results.

  PMID:36771244 · one of two readings recorded this

• Back squat 1-RM (Δ1-RM)

  increases

  All back squat Δ1-RM values of the ACC group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the values exhibited by the PL group.

  PMID:36771244 · one of two readings recorded this

• back squat 1-RM (Δ, absolute/per BW/per LBM)

  increases

  All back squat Δ1-RM values of the ACC group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the values exhibited by the PL group.

  PMID:36771244 · one of two readings recorded this

• Bench press 1-RM (Δ1-RM)

  no effect

  Not recorded as a finding: Claim already recorded for back squat 1-RM (same 1rm-strength node) from this paper; bench press effect values were separately reported as statistically insignificant, kept out to avoid recording a subgroup lift alongside the significant one on the same node.

  All effects values for the Δ1-RM performed in the bench press exercise were statistically insignificant.

  PMID:36771244 · one of two readings recorded this

• bench press 1-RM (Δ)

  no effect

  No differences were found between the groups in bench press 1-RM values; however, a strong between-group difference trend (p < 0.06) was found in absolute bench press 1-RM values.

  PMID:36771244 · one of two readings recorded this

• dietary macro/micronutrient intake (FFQ)

  no effect

  No significant differences were observed between the ACC and the PL groups in any of the nutritional values.

  PMID:36771244 · one of two readings recorded this

• CaCO3 crystal morphology

  modulates

  Both of them influence the morphology but do not change the polymorphic mineral phase

  PMID:36791829 · one of two readings recorded this

• CaCO3 polymorphic mineral phase

  no effect

  Both of them influence the morphology but do not change the polymorphic mineral phase

  PMID:36791829 · one of two readings recorded this

• calcium carbonate polymorph selected

  modulates

  In a series of in vitro mineralization experiments with Starmaker-like, we show that native phosphorylation is a crucial determinant for the selection of a crystal's polymorphic form

  PMID:38061675 · one of two readings recorded this

• CaCO3 crystal size

  no effect

  BSA induced a significant number of crystals from the early stages of the reaction (20 min) but did not have a substantial impact on crystal size compared to conditions without additives

  PMID:38111211 · one of two readings recorded this

• CaCO3 crystal size

  increases

  The inclusion of BslA resulted in larger crystals than reactions containing other additives, including MgCl2

  PMID:38111211 · one of two readings recorded this

• calcite versus vaterite content

  increases

  All additives led to a higher content of calcite compared to vaterite after a 24-h reaction, with the exception of MgCl2, which produced a substantial quantity of magnesium calcite

  PMID:38111211 · one of two readings recorded this

• magnesium calcite formation

  increases

  All additives led to a higher content of calcite compared to vaterite after a 24-h reaction, with the exception of MgCl2, which produced a substantial quantity of magnesium calcite

  PMID:38111211 · one of two readings recorded this

• number of CaCO3 crystals produced

  increases

  in the presence of additives, more CaCO3 crystals were produced at 100 min compared to the reaction without additives

  PMID:38111211 · one of two readings recorded this

• number of CaCO3 crystals

  increases

  BSA induced a significant number of crystals from the early stages of the reaction (20 min)

  PMID:38111211 · one of two readings recorded this

• calcium carbonate precipitation (crystal polymorph, size and Mg-content) by cultivated bacterial and archaeal strains from an Alpine ice cave, as a function of Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio and temperature

  Not recorded as a finding: the compound is what was measured, not what was given

  These results suggest that the high diversity of prokaryotic communities detected in cryogenic subsurface environments actively contributes to carbonate precipitation, despite living at the physical limit of the presence of liquid water.

  PMID:38302670 · one of two readings recorded this

• osteoblastic extracellular matrix mineralization by Alizarin Red staining in MC3T3-E1 cells exposed to calcium carbonate biomineral shell powders and organic matrix extracts, in vitro

  increases

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  Overall, our findings validate the remarkable ability of CaCO3 biomineral extracts to promote bone mineralization.

  PMID:38652191 · one of two readings recorded this

• Osteoblastic extracellular matrix mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells, by Alizarin Red staining

  Not recorded as a finding: the trial gave a chemically different species

  Biomineral shell powders were prepared, and their organic matrix was partially extracted using ethanol.

  PMID:38652191 · one of two readings recorded this

• clobetasol propionate content of formulation

  increases

  The designed carriers contain a substantially higher CP amount than conventional dosage forms used in clinics (4.5% w/w vs. 0.05% w/w)

  PMID:38666451 · one of two readings recorded this

• follicle filling by CP-CaCO3 carriers (OCT)

  increases

  the OCT monitoring revealed the gradual intrafollicular degradation of the carriers within 168 h with the most abundant follicle filling occurring within the first 48 h

  PMID:38666451 · one of two readings recorded this

• intrafollicular degradation of CP-CaCO3 carriers (OCT)

  decreases

  the OCT monitoring revealed the gradual intrafollicular degradation of the carriers within 168 h with the most abundant follicle filling occurring within the first 48 h

  PMID:38666451 · one of two readings recorded this

• elasticity tensor of prismatic and nacreous architectures

  unclear

  we employ the ultrasonic pulse-echo method to report the elasticity tensor of two common ultrastructural motifs in molluscan shells

  PMID:38762971 · one of two readings recorded this

• antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity

  increases

  Microparticles containing silver@composites exhibited good antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans

  PMID:38942183 · one of two readings recorded this

• cytotoxicity against fibroblasts and osteoblasts

  increases

  but exerted a certain cytotoxicity against the tested cell models (fibroblasts and osteoblasts)

  PMID:38942183 · one of two readings recorded this

• cytotoxicity

  decreases

  Microparticles containing hydroxyapatite functionalized calcium carbonates were found to be always less cytotoxic, also in comparison to neat alginate microparticles

  PMID:38942183 · one of two readings recorded this

• cell manipulation and growth in three-dimensional structures

  increases

  The results demonstrate that the hybrid macrospheroids significantly enhance cell manipulation and growth in three-dimensional structures

  PMID:39077865 · one of two readings recorded this

• osteogenic activity

  increases

  Specifically, ALP-loaded macrospheroids showed a marked improvement in osteogenic activity, promoting effective bone tissue regeneration

  PMID:39077865 · one of two readings recorded this

• biodiesel production level and stability (methanol molar ratio, temperature)

  increases

  The immobilized LP demonstrated higher biodiesel production levels with superior stability compared to free LP, particularly regarding methanol molar ratio and temperature

  PMID:39218365 · one of two readings recorded this

• specific hydrolysis activity of in-situ immobilized LP relative to free LP

  decreases

  The specific hydrolysis activity of the in-situ immobilized LP was 66% of that of free LP

  PMID:39218365 · one of two readings recorded this

• specific transesterification activity in solvent-free phase for biodiesel production

  increases

  the specific transesterification activity of immobilized LP in the solvent-free phase for biodiesel production was 2.29 times higher than that of free LP

  PMID:39218365 · one of two readings recorded this

• callus formation (micro-CT/histomorphometry)

  increases

  These results indicated that ACC enhances fracture re-union and remodeling.

  PMID:39683484 · one of two readings recorded this

• femoral biomechanical break stress (three-point bending)

  increases

  All of the ACC-treated groups showed better break stress than the water controls.

  PMID:39683484 · one of two readings recorded this

• femoral biomechanical strength (break stress, three-point bending) and fracture callus formation in a rat femoral fracture model treated with amorphous calcium carbonate

  increases

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  All of the ACC-treated groups showed better break stress than the water controls.

  PMID:39683484 · one of two readings recorded this

• hind-paw weight-bearing asymmetry

  decreases, significantly lower delta weight-bearing at all three weeks (p < 0.05), 1.5x dose showing the best response

  On the contrary, the hind paw weight-bearing capacity of ACC-treated rats was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of water-treated controls at all three weeks post-treatment.

  PMID:39683484 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum CTX-1

  decreases, p < 0.05 at week 3 for 1.5x dose

  At weeks 2 and 3, CTX-1 was significantly greater in the water-treated group than in the 1.5×-ACC-treated group (p < 0.05, Figure 8b).

  PMID:39683484 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum P1NP

  decreases, p < 0.05 at weeks 2 and 3

  At weeks 2 and 3, P1NP was significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the water-treated group than in the 1×- and 1.5×-ACC-treated groups.

  PMID:39683484 · one of two readings recorded this

• weight-bearing capacity by weight-bearing test, callus formation by micro-CT, and biomechanical strength, in a rat femoral fracture model treated with oral amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC)

  increases

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  Weight-bearing tests showed that treatment with ACC at all the tested doses led to a significant increase in weight-bearing capacity compared to the controls.

  PMID:39683484 · one of two readings recorded this

• Weight-bearing capacity in a rat femoral fracture model treated with oral amorphous calcium carbonate

  increases

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  Weight-bearing tests showed that treatment with ACC at all the tested doses led to a significant increase in weight-bearing capacity compared to the controls.

  PMID:39683484 · one of two readings recorded this

• bone marrow accumulation of nanoparticles

  increases

  Following intravenous injection, in vivo fluorescence imaging revealed that DiDNPs@CM exhibited significantly enhanced accumulation in the bone marrow compared to undecorated DiDNPs.

  PMID:41469914 · one of two readings recorded this

• leukemia cell viability/apoptosis in vitro

  decreases

  As shown in Fig. 5A, Jurkat cells treated with AMNPs@CM displayed prominent red fluorescence, indicating substantial cell death.

  PMID:41469914 · one of two readings recorded this

• survival period in C1498 leukemia-bearing mice

  increases

  Not recorded as a finding: no matching outcome node for leukemia-model mouse survival

  Meanwhile, the survival period of leukemic mice treated with AMNPs@CM was significantly prolonged compared with the other control groups (Figure S11B).

  PMID:41469914 · one of two readings recorded this

• survival period, leukemia-bearing mice

  increases

  Meanwhile, the survival period of leukemic mice treated with AMNPs@CM was significantly prolonged compared with the other control groups (Figure S11B).

  PMID:41469914 · one of two readings recorded this

• tumor burden by bioluminescence imaging in leukemia-bearing mice

  decreases

  Not recorded as a finding: no matching outcome node for leukemia tumor-burden imaging

  Bioluminescence imaging demonstrated a marked reduction in tumor burden in the AMNPs@CM-treated mice compared to controls.

  PMID:41469914 · one of two readings recorded this

• tumor burden by bioluminescence imaging

  decreases

  Bioluminescence imaging demonstrated a marked reduction in tumor burden in the AMNPs@CM-treated mice compared to controls.

  PMID:41469914 · one of two readings recorded this

• bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP)

  increases, p < 0.01

  BALP levels were significantly higher in the calcium carbonate group than in the esomeprazole alone group (p < 0.01; Fig. 4C).

  PMID:42162236 · one of two readings recorded this

• femoral trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) by micro-CT after esomeprazole + calcium carbonate co-administration

  no effect, BMD significantly decreased in esomeprazole-alone and esomeprazole+calcium carbonate groups vs saline controls (p < 0.01)

  Not recorded as a finding: no matching outcome node for rodent micro-CT femoral BMD (listed BMD nodes require human DXA)

  BMD was significantly decreased in the esomeprazole-alone and esomeprazole-calcium carbonate groups compared to the controls (p < 0.01), whereas the sodium bicarbonate group showed a trend toward BMD preservation.

  PMID:42162236 · one of two readings recorded this

• osteoclast cathepsin K (CTK) mRNA expression

  decreases, p < 0.01

  The calcium carbonate group also displayed significant suppression of CTK (p < 0.01; Fig. 5E).

  PMID:42162236 · one of two readings recorded this

• Serum C-terminal cross-linked telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX-I), a bone-resorption marker, in esomeprazole-treated rats co-administered calcium carbonate

  decreases

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  Consistently, serum levels of C-terminal cross-linked telopeptides of type I collagen were significantly lower in both combination groups.

  PMID:42162236 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum CTX-1 (C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen)

  decreases, significantly lower in calcium carbonate combination group than esomeprazole-alone group (p < 0.05)

  Not recorded as a finding: no matching outcome node for serum CTX-1 bone-resorption marker

  However, serum CTX-1 levels were significantly lower in both the calcium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate combination groups than in the esomeprazole alone group (p < 0.05; Fig. 4A).

  PMID:42162236 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum CTX-1

  decreases, p < 0.05

  However, serum CTX-1 levels were significantly lower in both the calcium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate combination groups than in the esomeprazole alone group (p < 0.05; Fig. 4A).

  PMID:42162236 · one of two readings recorded this

• trabecular bone microarchitecture (bone volume fraction, trabecular number, trabecular separation) by micro-CT, and serum CTX-I, in esomeprazole-treated Wistar rats

  increases

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  Conversely, co-administration of esomeprazole with either sodium bicarbonate or calcium carbonate preserved trabecular microarchitecture and attenuated bone resorption of osteoclast.

  PMID:42162236 · one of two readings recorded this

The whole record — 202 rows