Beta oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA to myristoyl-CoA

This first pass through the beta-oxidation spiral starts with the saturated fatty acid palmitoyl-CoA and produces myristoyl-CoA. Four enzymatic steps are required, starting with VLCAD CoA dehydrogenase (Very Long Chain) activity, followed by three enzymatic steps, enoyl-CoA hydratase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and ketoacyl-CoA thiolase activities, all present in the mitochondrial membrane associated trifunctional protein.

Summary from Reactome (R-HSA-77305), read 2026-09-23.