Urinary lactulose/rhamnose ratio

Method

Ratio of lactulose to L-rhamnose recovered in urine over 5 hours following an oral dual-sugar challenge, quantified by HPLC or LC-MS.

The method is part of the endpoint identity. Studies measuring the same quantity by a different method are held as separate endpoints.

Notes

Will be confused with the dual-sugar ratio that uses a different transcellular reference sugar. The paracellular probe is identical in both, the reference sugar is not, and PMID 38361147 reports them separately with effects an order of magnitude apart and wholly different heterogeneity (-0.24 with I2 = 99 percent here against -0.01 with I2 = 30 percent for the other). Merging them lets a heterogeneous, unstable estimate borrow the credibility of a homogeneous one.