change in UCaV/Cr versus baseline UCaV/Cr

decreases, p = 0.001

the greatest reductions occurred in the subjects with greatest baseline UCaV/Cr (Delta UCaV/Cr vs. baseline UCaV/Cr; P < 0.001)

PMID 15572425 · one of two readings recorded this

daily urine calcium excretion adjusted for creatinine (UCaV/Cr), up to 36 months

decreases

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

From 1-36 months of KBC treatment, adjusting UCaV for creatinine (Cr) excretion, each dose of KBC reduced UCaV (P < 0.01) with a dose-dependent trend (P = 0.05).

PMID 15572425 · one of two readings recorded this

daily urine calcium excretion adjusted for creatinine (UCaV/Cr)

decreases, each KBC dose reduced UCaV/Cr, P < 0.01, dose-dependent trend P = 0.05, p = 0.01, n = 170

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

From 1-36 months of KBC treatment, adjusting UCaV for creatinine (Cr) excretion, each dose of KBC reduced UCaV (P < 0.01) with a dose-dependent trend (P = 0.05).

PMID 15572425 · one of two readings recorded this

daily urine calcium excretion (UCaV)

no effect

Daily urine calcium excretion (UCaV) did not differ among groups at baseline (all-groups mean +/- SD, 155 +/- 83 mg/d)

PMID 15572425 · one of two readings recorded this

decrease in UCaV/Cr

decreases

With baseline UCaV/Cr of 250 mg/1000 mg Cr, KBC 60 mmol decreased UCaV/Cr by 55.8 mg/1000 mg Cr

PMID 15572425 · one of two readings recorded this

proportion with high baseline calciuria

Twenty-eight percent of the subjects had high baseline calciuria (UCaV/Cr > 200 mg Ca/1000 mg Cr)

PMID 15572425 · one of two readings recorded this

UCaV adjusted for creatinine excretion (UCaV/Cr)

decreases, p = 0.01

adjusting UCaV for creatinine (Cr) excretion, each dose of KBC reduced UCaV (P < 0.01) with a dose-dependent trend (P = 0.05)

PMID 15572425 · one of two readings recorded this

UCaV/Cr dose-dependent trend

decreases, p = 0.05

adjusting UCaV for creatinine (Cr) excretion, each dose of KBC reduced UCaV (P < 0.01) with a dose-dependent trend (P = 0.05)

PMID 15572425 · one of two readings recorded this

24-h urinary N-telopeptide and 24-h urinary calcium excretion

decreases, bicarbonate groups (potassium and sodium bicarbonate combined) vs no bicarbonate, P = 0.001 adjusted, p = 0.001, n = 162

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

Subjects taking bicarbonate had significant reductions in urinary N-telopeptide and calcium excretion, when compared with subjects taking no bicarbonate (both before and after adjustment for baseline laboratory value, sex, and changes in urinary sodium and potassium; P = 0.001 for both, adjusted).

PMID 18940881 · one of two readings recorded this

24-hour urinary N-telopeptide and urinary calcium excretion; bicarbonate groups (KHCO3 and NaHCO3) pooled versus no-bicarbonate groups (placebo and KCl)

decreases, p = 0.001

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

Subjects taking bicarbonate had significant reductions in urinary N-telopeptide and calcium excretion, when compared with subjects taking no bicarbonate (both before and after adjustment for baseline laboratory value, sex, and changes in urinary sodium and potassium; P = 0.001 for both, adjusted).

PMID 18940881 · one of two readings recorded this

3-month change in 24-h urinary calcium excretion

decreases, p = 0.001

Subjects taking bicarbonate had significant reductions in urinary N-telopeptide and calcium excretion, when compared with subjects taking no bicarbonate (both before and after adjustment for baseline laboratory value, sex, and changes in urinary sodium and potassium; P = 0.001 for both, adjusted)

PMID 18940881 · one of two readings recorded this

3-month change in 24-h urinary N-telopeptide

decreases, p = 0.001

Subjects taking bicarbonate had significant reductions in urinary N-telopeptide and calcium excretion, when compared with subjects taking no bicarbonate (both before and after adjustment for baseline laboratory value, sex, and changes in urinary sodium and potassium; P = 0.001 for both, adjusted)

PMID 18940881 · one of two readings recorded this

3-month change in urinary N-telopeptide and calcium excretion

no effect

Potassium supplementation did not significantly affect N-telopeptide or calcium excretion

PMID 18940881 · one of two readings recorded this

24-h urinary nitrogen excretion during low and high protein diets

decreases, p = 0.015

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

KHCO3 reduced the rise in urinary nitrogen excretion that accompanied an increase in protein intake (P = 0.015) and was associated with higher IGF-I levels on the low-protein diet (P = 0.027) with a similar trend on the high-protein diet (P = 0.050).

PMID 19050051 · one of two readings recorded this

fractional calcium absorption

unclear, p = 0.064

KHCO3 was also associated with higher fractional calcium absorption on the low-protein diet (P = 0.041) with a similar trend on the high-protein diet (P = 0.064)

PMID 19050051 · one of two readings recorded this

fractional calcium absorption

increases, p = 0.041

KHCO3 was also associated with higher fractional calcium absorption on the low-protein diet (P = 0.041) with a similar trend on the high-protein diet (P = 0.064)

PMID 19050051 · one of two readings recorded this

IGF-I level

unclear, p = 0.05

was associated with higher IGF-I levels on the low-protein diet (P = 0.027) with a similar trend on the high-protein diet (P = 0.050)

PMID 19050051 · one of two readings recorded this

IGF-I level

increases, p = 0.027

was associated with higher IGF-I levels on the low-protein diet (P = 0.027) with a similar trend on the high-protein diet (P = 0.050)

PMID 19050051 · one of two readings recorded this

rise in 24-h urinary nitrogen excretion with increased protein intake

decreases, p = 0.015

KHCO3 reduced the rise in urinary nitrogen excretion that accompanied an increase in protein intake (P = 0.015)

PMID 19050051 · one of two readings recorded this

serum IGF-I (also 24-h urinary nitrogen, 24-h urinary calcium, fractional calcium absorption)

increases, higher IGF-I on the low-protein diet, P = 0.027; trend on the high-protein diet, P = 0.050, p = 0.027, n = 19

Not recorded as a finding: every result is a subgroup, with no whole-population estimate

KHCO3 reduced the rise in urinary nitrogen excretion that accompanied an increase in protein intake (P = 0.015) and was associated with higher IGF-I levels on the low-protein diet (P = 0.027) with a similar trend on the high-protein diet (P = 0.050).

PMID 19050051 · one of two readings recorded this

24-hour and daytime systolic blood pressure

decreases

only 24-hour and daytime systolic blood pressures were slightly lower with potassium chloride

PMID 20083724 · one of two readings recorded this

24-hour urinary albumin and albumin:creatinine ratio

decreases

potassium chloride reduced 24-hour urinary albumin and albumin:creatinine ratio

PMID 20083724 · one of two readings recorded this

24-hour urinary calcium and calcium:creatinine ratio

decreases

potassium bicarbonate decreased 24-hour urinary calcium, calcium:creatinine ratio, and plasma C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type 1 collagen significantly

PMID 20083724 · one of two readings recorded this

24-hour urinary calcium excretion and plasma C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type 1 collagen

decreases, potassium bicarbonate decreased both significantly, n = 42

Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for urinary calcium or plasma CTX

The study also showed that potassium chloride reduced 24-hour urinary albumin and albumin:creatinine ratio, and potassium bicarbonate decreased 24-hour urinary calcium, calcium:creatinine ratio, and plasma C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type 1 collagen significantly.

PMID 20083724 · one of two readings recorded this

arterial compliance (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity)

increases

increased arterial compliance as assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity

PMID 20083724 · one of two readings recorded this

carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, arterial compliance

both potassium salts improved vs placebo, n = 42

Not recorded as a finding: the sentence states increased arterial compliance, not the direction of pulse wave velocity itself; direction of the PWV value is not in words

Compared with placebo, both potassium chloride and potassium bicarbonate significantly improved endothelial function as measured by brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation, increased arterial compliance as assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, decreased left ventricular mass, and improved left ventricular diastolic function.

PMID 20083724 · both readings recorded this

endothelial function, arterial compliance, left ventricular mass and diastolic function

no effect

There was no significant difference between the 2 potassium salts in these measurements

PMID 20083724 · one of two readings recorded this

endothelial function (brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation)

increases

both potassium chloride and potassium bicarbonate significantly improved endothelial function as measured by brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation

PMID 20083724 · one of two readings recorded this

left ventricular diastolic function

increases

decreased left ventricular mass, and improved left ventricular diastolic function

PMID 20083724 · one of two readings recorded this

left ventricular mass and diastolic function

decreases, decreased left ventricular mass vs placebo, n = 42

Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for left ventricular mass or diastolic function

Compared with placebo, both potassium chloride and potassium bicarbonate significantly improved endothelial function as measured by brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation, increased arterial compliance as assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, decreased left ventricular mass, and improved left ventricular diastolic function.

PMID 20083724 · one of two readings recorded this

left ventricular mass

decreases

decreased left ventricular mass, and improved left ventricular diastolic function

PMID 20083724 · one of two readings recorded this

office blood pressure

no effect

There were no significant differences in office blood pressure among the 3 treatment periods

PMID 20083724 · one of two readings recorded this

plasma C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type 1 collagen

decreases

potassium bicarbonate decreased 24-hour urinary calcium, calcium:creatinine ratio, and plasma C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type 1 collagen significantly

PMID 20083724 · one of two readings recorded this

urinary potassium

Urinary potassium was 77+/-16, 122+/-25, and 125+/-27 mmol/24 hours after 4 weeks on placebo, potassium chloride, and potassium bicarbonate, respectively

PMID 20083724 · one of two readings recorded this

urinary potassium

Urinary potassium was 77+/-16, 122+/-25, and 125+/-27 mmol/24 hours after 4 weeks on placebo, potassium chloride, and potassium bicarbonate, respectively

PMID 20083724 · one of two readings recorded this

urinary potassium

Urinary potassium was 77+/-16, 122+/-25, and 125+/-27 mmol/24 hours after 4 weeks on placebo, potassium chloride, and potassium bicarbonate, respectively

PMID 20083724 · one of two readings recorded this

baseline correlation of NAE/cr and urine pH with glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR

no effect, p = 0.201

NAE/cr and urine pH were not correlated with glucose, insulin, or HOMA-IR at baseline (−0.11< r<0.06, P>0.201)

PMID 21046483 · one of two readings recorded this

change in fasting plasma glucose

no effect

bicarbonate treatment had no statistically significant effect on concurrent changes in cortisol, glucose, insulin, or HOMA-IR, before or after adjustment for covariates

PMID 21046483 · one of two readings recorded this

change in HOMA-IR

no effect

bicarbonate treatment had no statistically significant effect on concurrent changes in cortisol, glucose, insulin, or HOMA-IR, before or after adjustment for covariates

PMID 21046483 · one of two readings recorded this

change in NAE/cr

decreases

Treatment with bicarbonate, whether as potassium bicarbonate or sodium bicarbonate, reduced NAE/cr by about 3.5 mmol/mmol

PMID 21046483 · one of two readings recorded this

change in serum cortisol

no effect

bicarbonate treatment had no statistically significant effect on concurrent changes in cortisol, glucose, insulin, or HOMA-IR, before or after adjustment for covariates

PMID 21046483 · one of two readings recorded this

change in serum insulin

no effect

bicarbonate treatment had no statistically significant effect on concurrent changes in cortisol, glucose, insulin, or HOMA-IR, before or after adjustment for covariates

PMID 21046483 · one of two readings recorded this

correlation of urine pH with NAE/cr

decreases, p = 0.001

it was highly collinear with NAE/cr (r = −0.75, P<0.001)

PMID 21046483 · one of two readings recorded this

difference in adjusted mean change in fasting plasma glucose

no effect

These differences and confidence intervals were, for glucose, −0.06 mmol/l (−0.10, 0.22); for insulin, −0.07 pmol/l (−7.95, 7.80); and for HOMA-IR, −0.004 (−0.329, 0.336)

PMID 21046483 · one of two readings recorded this

difference in adjusted mean change in HOMA-IR

no effect

These differences and confidence intervals were, for glucose, −0.06 mmol/l (−0.10, 0.22); for insulin, −0.07 pmol/l (−7.95, 7.80); and for HOMA-IR, −0.004 (−0.329, 0.336)

PMID 21046483 · one of two readings recorded this

difference in adjusted mean change in serum insulin

no effect

These differences and confidence intervals were, for glucose, −0.06 mmol/l (−0.10, 0.22); for insulin, −0.07 pmol/l (−7.95, 7.80); and for HOMA-IR, −0.004 (−0.329, 0.336)

PMID 21046483 · one of two readings recorded this

fasting plasma glucose (enzymatic), serum insulin (radioimmunoassay), HOMA-IR, serum cortisol

no effect, n = 153

Not recorded as a finding: the intervention held more than the compound

However, despite this demonstrated acid neutralization, bicarbonate treatment had no statistically significant effect on concurrent changes in cortisol, glucose, insulin, or HOMA-IR, before or after adjustment for covariates.

PMID 21046483 · one of two readings recorded this

fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin and HOMA-IR, change over 3 months

no effect, pooled bicarbonate versus no-bicarbonate groups

Not recorded as a finding: the intervention held more than the compound

However, despite this demonstrated acid neutralization, bicarbonate treatment had no statistically significant effect on concurrent changes in cortisol, glucose, insulin, or HOMA-IR, before or after adjustment for covariates.

PMID 21046483 · one of two readings recorded this

N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (bone resorption marker)

decreases, p = 0.044

Urinary excretion of calcium and bone resorption marker N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen was reduced by 12 and 8%, respectively (calcium, P = 0.047; N-terminal bone collagen telopeptide, P = 0.044)

PMID 23027921 · one of two readings recorded this

net protein catabolism

unclear, p = 0.052

There was a trend of declining net protein catabolism when high NaCl was combined with KHCO(3) (P = 0.052)

PMID 23027921 · one of two readings recorded this

postprandial buffer capacity [HCO3-]

increases, p = 0.002

postprandial buffer capacity ([HCO(3)(-)]) increased (P = 0.002)

PMID 23027921 · one of two readings recorded this

urinary calcium excretion

decreases, p = 0.047

Urinary excretion of calcium and bone resorption marker N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen was reduced by 12 and 8%, respectively (calcium, P = 0.047; N-terminal bone collagen telopeptide, P = 0.044)

PMID 23027921 · one of two readings recorded this

urinary excretion of calcium and N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen; urinary free cortisol and cortisone; postprandial buffer capacity

decreases, calcium reduced 12%, N-terminal bone collagen telopeptide reduced 8%, p = 0.044

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

Urinary excretion of calcium and bone resorption marker N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen was reduced by 12 and 8%, respectively (calcium, P = 0.047; N-terminal bone collagen telopeptide, P = 0.044).

PMID 23027921 · one of two readings recorded this

urinary free cortisol and free cortisone, 24-h urinary calcium, urinary N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, net protein catabolism

decreases, urinary calcium reduced by 12% (P = 0.047), N-terminal telopeptide reduced by 8% (P = 0.044), p = 0.047, n = 8

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

Urinary excretion of calcium and bone resorption marker N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen was reduced by 12 and 8%, respectively (calcium, P = 0.047; N-terminal bone collagen telopeptide, P = 0.044).

PMID 23027921 · one of two readings recorded this

urinary free potentially bioactive glucocorticoids (UFF + UFE)

decreases, p = 0.024

urinary excretion of free potentially bioactive glucocorticoids [urinary free cortisol (UFF) and urinary free cortisone (UFE)] was reduced by 14% [∑(UFF,UFE); P = 0.024]

PMID 23027921 · one of two readings recorded this

24-h urinary calcium excretion, plasma emission spectroscopy

decreases, declined in low- and high-dose KHCO3 vs placebo, p <= 0.035

Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for urinary calcium excretion

Urinary calcium and urinary NTX also declined in the low-dose and high-dose KHCO3 groups compared with placebo (p ≤ 0.035, Table 3).

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

24-h urinary net acid excretion, modified Jorgensen titration

decreases, declined in both KHCO3 groups vs placebo, p < 0.001

Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for net acid excretion

Mean NAE declined significantly in the low-dose and high-dose KHCO3 groups compared with placebo (p < 0.001, Table 3).

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

24-h urinary nitrogen excretion, pyrochemiluminescence

no effect, no effect of treatment on N excretion, p = 0.884, p = 0.884

Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for urinary nitrogen excretion

There was no effect of treatment on N excretion in the group as a whole (p =0.884) or in men (p =0.316) or women (p =0.243), after the same adjustments (excluding gender).

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

24-hour urinary N-telopeptide (NTX), ELISA (primary outcome); also urinary calcium, serum P1NP, urinary nitrogen, NAE

decreases

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

Urinary calcium and urinary NTX also declined in the low-dose and high-dose KHCO3 groups compared with placebo (p ≤ 0.035, Table 3).

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

84-day change in serum P1NP

decreases, p = 0.004

Serum P1NP declined in the low-dose group relative to placebo (p =0.004, Table 3)

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

84-day change in urinary calcium

decreases, p = 0.035

Urinary calcium and urinary NTX also declined in the low-dose and high-dose KHCO3 groups compared with placebo (p ≤ 0.035, Table 3)

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

84-day change in urinary calcium

decreases, p = 0.035

Urinary calcium and urinary NTX also declined in the low-dose and high-dose KHCO3 groups compared with placebo (p ≤ 0.035, Table 3)

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

84-day change in urinary N excretion

no effect, p = 0.884

There was no effect of treatment on N excretion in the group as a whole (p =0.884) or in men (p =0.316) or women (p =0.243), after the same adjustments (excluding gender)

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

84-day change in urinary N excretion

no effect, p = 0.316

There was no effect of treatment on N excretion in the group as a whole (p =0.884) or in men (p =0.316) or women (p =0.243), after the same adjustments (excluding gender)

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

84-day change in urinary N excretion

no effect, p = 0.243

There was no effect of treatment on N excretion in the group as a whole (p =0.884) or in men (p =0.316) or women (p =0.243), after the same adjustments (excluding gender)

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

84-day change in urinary N-telopeptide (NTX)

decreases, p = 0.035

Urinary calcium and urinary NTX also declined in the low-dose and high-dose KHCO3 groups compared with placebo (p ≤ 0.035, Table 3)

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

84-day change in urinary N-telopeptide (NTX)

decreases, p = 0.035

Urinary calcium and urinary NTX also declined in the low-dose and high-dose KHCO3 groups compared with placebo (p ≤ 0.035, Table 3)

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

84-day change in urinary net acid excretion (NAE)

decreases, p = 0.001

Mean NAE declined significantly in the low-dose and high-dose KHCO3 groups compared with placebo (p < 0.001, Table 3)

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

84-day change in urinary net acid excretion (NAE)

decreases, p = 0.001

Mean NAE declined significantly in the low-dose and high-dose KHCO3 groups compared with placebo (p < 0.001, Table 3)

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

administered KHCO3 dose

The mean dose of KHCO3 administered was 74 ± 19 mmol per day (median, 81 mmol per day) in the low-dose group and 111 ± 24 mmol per day (median, 122 mmol per day) in the high-dose group

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

administered KHCO3 dose

The mean dose of KHCO3 administered was 74 ± 19 mmol per day (median, 81 mmol per day) in the low-dose group and 111 ± 24 mmol per day (median, 122 mmol per day) in the high-dose group

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

capsule adherence

Adherence with the study capsules averaged 92.2% in the placebo group, 91.3% in the low-dose KHCO3 group, and 87.4% in the high-dose KHCO3 group

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

capsule adherence

Adherence with the study capsules averaged 92.2% in the placebo group, 91.3% in the low-dose KHCO3 group, and 87.4% in the high-dose KHCO3 group

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

capsule adherence

Adherence with the study capsules averaged 92.2% in the placebo group, 91.3% in the low-dose KHCO3 group, and 87.4% in the high-dose KHCO3 group

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

correlation of baseline urinary NAE with serum P1NP

no effect, p = 0.994

At baseline, urinary NAE was significantly correlated with urinary NTX (r =0.668, p < 0.001), but not with urinary calcium (r =−0.091, p =0.116) or serum P1NP (r =0.001, p =0.994)

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

correlation of baseline urinary NAE with urinary calcium

no effect, p = 0.116

At baseline, urinary NAE was significantly correlated with urinary NTX (r =0.668, p < 0.001), but not with urinary calcium (r =−0.091, p =0.116) or serum P1NP (r =0.001, p =0.994)

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

correlation of baseline urinary NAE with urinary NTX

increases, p = 0.001

At baseline, urinary NAE was significantly correlated with urinary NTX (r =0.668, p < 0.001), but not with urinary calcium (r =−0.091, p =0.116) or serum P1NP (r =0.001, p =0.994)

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

correlation of N intake with 24-hour urinary N at baseline

increases, p = 0.001, n = 233

On the day prior to the baseline visit, N intake and 24-hour urinary N were significantly correlated (r =0.53, p < 0.001, n =233)

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

fruit and vegetable intake by baseline NAE category

p = 0.032

Subjects with lower NAE reported consuming more fruits and vegetables than those with higher NAE (eg, 8.1 ± 5.4 servings/day in the lowest compared with 5.5 in the highest NAE category), p =0.032

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

fruit and vegetable intake by baseline NAE category

decreases, p = 0.032

Subjects with lower NAE reported consuming more fruits and vegetables than those with higher NAE (eg, 8.1 ± 5.4 servings/day in the lowest compared with 5.5 in the highest NAE category), p =0.032

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

grain consumption by baseline NAE category

Grain consumption also increased with NAE from 5.5 servings/day in the lowest category to 7.2 in the highest

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

grain consumption by baseline NAE category

increases

Grain consumption also increased with NAE from 5.5 servings/day in the lowest category to 7.2 in the highest

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

IGF-1, IGF-BP3 and muscle strength and performance measures

no effect

Similarly there were no significant treatment group differences in IGF-1 or IGF-BP3 or any of the muscle strength and performance measures in this study (Table 4)

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

interaction of treatment group with baseline NAE (categorical)

no effect, p = 0.42

There was no interaction of treatment group with baseline NAE whether the latter was included as a continuous (p > 0.59) or categorical (p > 0.42) variable

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

interaction of treatment group with baseline NAE (continuous)

no effect, p = 0.59

There was no interaction of treatment group with baseline NAE whether the latter was included as a continuous (p > 0.59) or categorical (p > 0.42) variable

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

muscle strength and performance measures (handgrip dynamometer, stair climb, SPPB)

no effect, no significant treatment group differences

Not recorded as a finding: only stated in one pooled sentence naming no specific instrument; handgrip node needs the dynamometer outcome stated per measure

Similarly there were no significant treatment group differences in IGF-1 or IGF-BP3 or any of the muscle strength and performance measures in this study (Table 4).

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

serum P1NP, radioimmunoassay (bone formation marker)

decreases, declined in low-dose group vs placebo, p = 0.004, p = 0.004

Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for P1NP

Serum P1NP declined in the low-dose group relative to placebo (p =0.004, Table 3).

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

study completion rate

The study completion rate was 97.5% in the placebo group, 94.0% in the low-dose KHCO3 group, and 94.9% in the high-dose KHCO3 group

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

study completion rate

The study completion rate was 97.5% in the placebo group, 94.0% in the low-dose KHCO3 group, and 94.9% in the high-dose KHCO3 group

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

study completion rate

The study completion rate was 97.5% in the placebo group, 94.0% in the low-dose KHCO3 group, and 94.9% in the high-dose KHCO3 group

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

urinary calcium by 84-day NAE category

decreases

Urinary calcium levels were sequentially lower across declining categories of NAE to the NAE range of −10 to −5 mmol/day

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

urinary N-telopeptide, ELISA (bone resorption marker)

decreases, declined in low- and high-dose KHCO3 vs placebo, p <= 0.035

Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for urinary NTX

Urinary calcium and urinary NTX also declined in the low-dose and high-dose KHCO3 groups compared with placebo (p ≤ 0.035, Table 3).

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

urinary NTX by 84-day NAE category

modulates

Urinary NTX was lowest at NAE levels in the range of −5.0 to 5.0 mmol/day

PMID 25990255 · one of two readings recorded this

24-h urinary free cortisol plus free cortisone, and total adrenal glucocorticoid secretion marker (THF + 5alpha-THF + THE)

decreases, total adrenal GC secretion marker dropped, p = 0.047; free GCs reduced, p = 0.003, p = 0.003, n = 8

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

With supplementation of 90 mmol KHCO3, the marker of total adrenal GC secretion (THF + 5α-THF + THE) dropped (p = 0.047) and potentially bioactive-free GCs were reduced (p = 0.003).

PMID 26349936 · one of two readings recorded this

24-h urinary glucocorticoid metabolites (THF + 5a-THF + THE) and urinary free cortisol + free cortisone, with 90 mmol/day KHCO3 during high-NaCl diet

decreases, p = 0.003

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

With supplementation of 90 mmol KHCO3, the marker of total adrenal GC secretion (THF + 5α-THF + THE) dropped (p = 0.047) and potentially bioactive-free GCs were reduced (p = 0.003).

PMID 26349936 · one of two readings recorded this

glucocorticoid secretion and potentially bioactive-free glucocorticoids

no effect

In Study B, however, GC secretion and potentially bioactive-free GCs did not exhibit the expected fall with NaCl-reduction as net acid excretion was raised by 30 mEq/d

PMID 26349936 · one of two readings recorded this

net acid excretion

increases

In Study B, however, GC secretion and potentially bioactive-free GCs did not exhibit the expected fall with NaCl-reduction as net acid excretion was raised by 30 mEq/d

PMID 26349936 · one of two readings recorded this

potentially bioactive-free glucocorticoids (urinary-free cortisol + free cortisone)

decreases, p = 0.003

potentially bioactive-free GCs were reduced (p = 0.003)

PMID 26349936 · one of two readings recorded this

total adrenal glucocorticoid secretion (THF + 5α-THF + THE)

decreases, p = 0.047

With supplementation of 90 mmol KHCO3, the marker of total adrenal GC secretion (THF + 5α-THF + THE) dropped (p = 0.047)

PMID 26349936 · one of two readings recorded this

isometric strength of knee extensor muscles

decreases, p = 0.05

BR reduced isometric strength of knee extensor muscles (P < 0.05), and the fiber oxidative capacity (P < 0.001) and V̇o2 max (P = 0.042)

PMID 27516541 · one of two readings recorded this

maximal oxygen consumption supported by a capillary

decreases, p = 0.001

The maximal oxygen consumption supported by a capillary was reduced by 24% in SOL and 16% in VL (P < 0.001)

PMID 27516541 · one of two readings recorded this

maximal oxygen consumption supported by a capillary

decreases, p = 0.001

The maximal oxygen consumption supported by a capillary was reduced by 24% in SOL and 16% in VL (P < 0.001)

PMID 27516541 · one of two readings recorded this

muscle capillarization and fatigue resistance of thigh muscles

no effect

but had no significant impact on muscle capillarization or fatigue resistance of thigh muscles

PMID 27516541 · one of two readings recorded this

muscle fiber oxidative capacity (succinate dehydrogenase optical density) in soleus and vastus lateralis; also VO2max, isometric strength and capillarization during 19 days of bed rest

increases, WP+KHCO3 attenuated the disuse-induced reduction in fiber oxidative capacity, P < 0.01, p = 0.01, n = 10

Not recorded as a finding: the intervention held more than the compound

WP+KHCO3 attenuated the disuse-induced reduction in fiber oxidative capacity in both muscles (P < 0.01).

PMID 27516541 · one of two readings recorded this

muscle fiber oxidative capacity, WP+KHCO3 versus control diet

increases, p = 0.01

WP+KHCO3 attenuated the disuse-induced reduction in fiber oxidative capacity in both muscles (P < 0.01)

PMID 27516541 · one of two readings recorded this

muscle fiber oxidative capacity

decreases, p = 0.001

BR reduced isometric strength of knee extensor muscles (P < 0.05), and the fiber oxidative capacity (P < 0.001) and V̇o2 max (P = 0.042)

PMID 27516541 · one of two readings recorded this

muscle fibre oxidative capacity (succinate dehydrogenase optical density at 660 nm) in soleus and vastus lateralis after 19 days of bed rest

increases, attenuated the disuse-induced reduction

Not recorded as a finding: the intervention held more than the compound

WP+KHCO3 attenuated the disuse-induced reduction in fiber oxidative capacity in both muscles (P < 0.01).

PMID 27516541 · one of two readings recorded this

whole-body aerobic power (V̇o2 max)

decreases, p = 0.042

BR reduced isometric strength of knee extensor muscles (P < 0.05), and the fiber oxidative capacity (P < 0.001) and V̇o2 max (P = 0.042)

PMID 27516541 · one of two readings recorded this

24-h total urinary nitrogen excretion as a ratio to same-day nitrogen intake (pyrochemiluminescence)

decreases, high-dose KHCO3 lower than placebo by -9.57 +/- SE 3.79, P = 0.012, p = 0.012, n = 233

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

Furthermore, the 84-day change in urinary N excretion/N intake in the high dose KHCO3 group was statistically significantly lower by −9.57 ± SE 3.79 compared to placebo (P=0.012) but not compared to the low dose KHCO3 group (P=0.276; Table 2; Figure 1).

PMID 28842733 · one of two readings recorded this

24-hour total urinary nitrogen excretion as a ratio to same-day nitrogen intake (urinary N/N intake)

no effect, low-dose KHCO3 versus placebo, 84-day change, p = 0.145

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

The 84-day change in urinary N excretion/N intake ratio in the low dose KHCO3 group did not differ significantly from placebo (P=0.145).

PMID 28842733 · one of two readings recorded this

84-day change in urinary N excretion/N intake, trend across doses

decreases, p = 0.042

we found a significant and progressive reduction in urinary N excretion/N intake ratio with escalating doses of KHCO3 compared to placebo (overall P for trend = 0.042; Table 2; Figure 1)

PMID 28842733 · one of two readings recorded this

84-day change in urinary N excretion/N intake

no effect, p = 0.276

but not compared to the low dose KHCO3 group (P=0.276; Table 2; Figure 1)

PMID 28842733 · one of two readings recorded this

84-day change in urinary N excretion/N intake

decreases, p = 0.012

the 84-day change in urinary N excretion/N intake in the high dose KHCO3 group was statistically significantly lower by −9.57 ± SE 3.79 compared to placebo (P=0.012)

PMID 28842733 · one of two readings recorded this

84-day change in urinary N excretion/N intake

no effect, p = 0.145

The 84-day change in urinary N excretion/N intake ratio in the low dose KHCO3 group did not differ significantly from placebo (P=0.145)

PMID 28842733 · one of two readings recorded this

baseline urinary N excretion/N intake

no effect

baseline urinary N excretion/N intake did not differ significantly in the three groups (Table 2)

PMID 28842733 · one of two readings recorded this

capsule adherence

Adherence to the study capsules was reported to be >87% in all three groups

PMID 28842733 · one of two readings recorded this

correlation of urinary N excretion with same day N intake at baseline

increases, p = 0.001

urinary N excretion was strongly associated with same day N intake (baseline r=0.526, p<0.001; final r=0.592, p<0.001)

PMID 28842733 · one of two readings recorded this

correlation of urinary N excretion with same day N intake at final visit

increases, p = 0.001

urinary N excretion was strongly associated with same day N intake (baseline r=0.526, p<0.001; final r=0.592, p<0.001)

PMID 28842733 · one of two readings recorded this

final 24-h urinary net acid excretion (NAE)

decreases, p = 0.001

final urinary NAE values of 16.5 ± 29.1 in the placebo, −0.7 ± 11.1 in the low dose, and −7.6 ± 23.9 mmol/d (P for between group differences <0.001)

PMID 28842733 · one of two readings recorded this

final 24-h urinary net acid excretion (NAE)

decreases, p = 0.001

final urinary NAE values of 16.5 ± 29.1 in the placebo, −0.7 ± 11.1 in the low dose, and −7.6 ± 23.9 mmol/d (P for between group differences <0.001)

PMID 28842733 · one of two readings recorded this

final 24-h urinary net acid excretion (NAE)

p = 0.001

final urinary NAE values of 16.5 ± 29.1 in the placebo, −0.7 ± 11.1 in the low dose, and −7.6 ± 23.9 mmol/d (P for between group differences <0.001)

PMID 28842733 · one of two readings recorded this

association of NAE change with NTX and calcium excretion changes, adjusted for urine citrate change

increases, p = 0.003, n = 233

change in NAE remained associated with change in NTX and calcium excretion (P ≤ 0.003)

PMID 29211866 · one of two readings recorded this

association of NAE change with NTX change

increases, p = 0.003, n = 233

The NAE change was positively associated with change in NTX and calcium excretion (P ≤ 0.003) but not with change in P1NP (P = 0.051)

PMID 29211866 · one of two readings recorded this

association of NAE change with P1NP change

no effect, p = 0.051, n = 233

The NAE change was positively associated with change in NTX and calcium excretion (P ≤ 0.003) but not with change in P1NP (P = 0.051)

PMID 29211866 · one of two readings recorded this

association of NAE change with urinary calcium excretion change

increases, p = 0.003, n = 233

The NAE change was positively associated with change in NTX and calcium excretion (P ≤ 0.003) but not with change in P1NP (P = 0.051)

PMID 29211866 · one of two readings recorded this

association of urine citrate change with NTX, calcium excretion and P1NP changes, adjusted for NAE change

no effect, p = 0.086, n = 233

the urine citrate change was not associated with change in NTX, calcium excretion, or serum P1NP (P ≥ 0.086)

PMID 29211866 · one of two readings recorded this

association of urine citrate change with NTX change

no effect, p = 0.051, n = 233

The urine citrate change was significantly inversely associated with P1NP change (P = 0.021) but not with change in NTX (P = 0.051) or calcium excretion (P = 0.652)

PMID 29211866 · one of two readings recorded this

association of urine citrate change with P1NP change

decreases, p = 0.021, n = 233

The urine citrate change was significantly inversely associated with P1NP change (P = 0.021) but not with change in NTX (P = 0.051) or calcium excretion (P = 0.652)

PMID 29211866 · one of two readings recorded this

association of urine citrate change with urinary calcium excretion change

no effect, p = 0.652, n = 233

The urine citrate change was significantly inversely associated with P1NP change (P = 0.021) but not with change in NTX (P = 0.051) or calcium excretion (P = 0.652)

PMID 29211866 · one of two readings recorded this

urine citrate excretion change after KHCO3 supplementation (dose-dependent trend); association of urine citrate change with NTX, P1NP and calcium excretion changes

increases, dose-dependent increase, P trend < 0.001

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

Urine citrate increased dose dependently after KHCO3 supplementation (P trend < 0.001).

PMID 29211866 · one of two readings recorded this

urine citrate excretion change after KHCO3 supplementation (urine citrate, dose-dependent); NAE, NTX, calcium excretion and P1NP were analysed only as associations with urine citrate or NAE change, not as KHCO3 effects

increases, dose-dependent increase, P trend < 0.001

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

Urine citrate increased dose dependently after KHCO3 supplementation (P trend < 0.001).

PMID 29211866 · one of two readings recorded this

urine citrate

increases, p = 0.001, n = 233

Urine citrate increased dose dependently after KHCO3 supplementation (P trend < 0.001)

PMID 29211866 · one of two readings recorded this

age

no effect

There was no significant difference in age between KHCO3 (63 ± 4 years) and PLA (65 ± 3 years)

PMID 29772642 · one of two readings recorded this

age

no effect

There was no significant difference in age between KHCO3 (63 ± 4 years) and PLA (65 ± 3 years)

PMID 29772642 · one of two readings recorded this

24-h net acid excretion (NAE)

decreases, p = 0.05

A phase-by-group interaction (p < 0.05) was observed for 24-h NAE, which significantly declined within the KHCO3 group pre- vs. post energy restriction, and was lower than PLA

PMID 29772642 · one of two readings recorded this

24-h nitrogen balance (NBAL)

no effect

However, no statistically significant effect of phase or group was observed for 24-h NBAL

PMID 29772642 · one of two readings recorded this

24-h nitrogen balance, urinary pyrochemiluminescence

no effect, no statistically significant effect of phase or group, n = 16

Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for nitrogen balance

However, no statistically significant effect of phase or group was observed for 24-h NBAL.

PMID 29772642 · one of two readings recorded this

24-h urinary net acid excretion, modified Jorgensen titration

decreases, n = 16

Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for urinary net acid excretion

A phase-by-group interaction (p < 0.05) was observed for 24-h NAE, which significantly declined within the KHCO3 group pre- vs. post energy restriction, and was lower than PLA.

PMID 29772642 · one of two readings recorded this

24-h urinary net acid excretion (NAE = titratable acid + NH4+ - HCO3-), modified Jorgensen titration

decreases

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

A phase-by-group interaction (p < 0.05) was observed for 24-h NAE, which significantly declined within the KHCO3 group pre- vs. post energy restriction, and was lower than PLA.

PMID 29772642 · one of two readings recorded this

24-h urinary NH4+

decreases, p = 0.05

when one outlier was removed from KHCO3 following energy restriction, a phase-by-group interaction (p < 0.05) was observed with NH4+ in KHCO3 (11.4 ± 6.5 mmol∙day−1) being lower than PLA (23.1 ± 6.5 mmol∙day−1)

PMID 29772642 · one of two readings recorded this

24-h urinary NH4+

when one outlier was removed from KHCO3 following energy restriction, a phase-by-group interaction (p < 0.05) was observed with NH4+ in KHCO3 (11.4 ± 6.5 mmol∙day−1) being lower than PLA (23.1 ± 6.5 mmol∙day−1)

PMID 29772642 · one of two readings recorded this

24-h urinary NH4+

no effect

There was no difference in 24-h urinary NH4+ concentrations between phase or group (KHCO3 Weight Maintenance: 20.8 ± 5.0 mmol∙day−1, Energy Restriction: 16.2 ± 13.8 mmol∙day−1; PLA Weight Maintenance: 23.2 ± 3.8 mmol∙day−1, Energy Restriction: 23.1 ± 6.5 mmol∙day−1)

PMID 29772642 · one of two readings recorded this

24-h urinary NH4+

no effect

There was no difference in 24-h urinary NH4+ concentrations between phase or group (KHCO3 Weight Maintenance: 20.8 ± 5.0 mmol∙day−1, Energy Restriction: 16.2 ± 13.8 mmol∙day−1; PLA Weight Maintenance: 23.2 ± 3.8 mmol∙day−1, Energy Restriction: 23.1 ± 6.5 mmol∙day−1)

PMID 29772642 · one of two readings recorded this

24-h urinary NH4+

no effect

There was no difference in 24-h urinary NH4+ concentrations between phase or group (KHCO3 Weight Maintenance: 20.8 ± 5.0 mmol∙day−1, Energy Restriction: 16.2 ± 13.8 mmol∙day−1; PLA Weight Maintenance: 23.2 ± 3.8 mmol∙day−1, Energy Restriction: 23.1 ± 6.5 mmol∙day−1)

PMID 29772642 · one of two readings recorded this

24-h urinary NH4+

no effect

There was no difference in 24-h urinary NH4+ concentrations between phase or group (KHCO3 Weight Maintenance: 20.8 ± 5.0 mmol∙day−1, Energy Restriction: 16.2 ± 13.8 mmol∙day−1; PLA Weight Maintenance: 23.2 ± 3.8 mmol∙day−1, Energy Restriction: 23.1 ± 6.5 mmol∙day−1)

PMID 29772642 · one of two readings recorded this

association of 24-h NAE with whole-body urea synthesis

decreases, p = 0.05

The 24-h NAE was inversely associated with whole-body urea synthesis (; p < 0.05)

PMID 29772642 · one of two readings recorded this

association of 24-h urinary NH4+ with NAE

unclear, p = 0.05

With the outlier removed, 24-h NH4+ was associated (r2 = 0.786; p < 0.05) with NAE

PMID 29772642 · one of two readings recorded this

body mass and BMI after energy restriction

decreases, p = 0.05

Following 28 days of energy restriction, all participants lost significant (p < 0.05) body mass and reduced their BMI, with no significant differences between groups

PMID 29772642 · one of two readings recorded this

capsule adherence

no effect

Adherence to consuming study capsules was high, with no significant difference between KHCO3 (98 ± 3%) and PLA (97 ± 2%)

PMID 29772642 · one of two readings recorded this

capsule adherence

no effect

Adherence to consuming study capsules was high, with no significant difference between KHCO3 (98 ± 3%) and PLA (97 ± 2%)

PMID 29772642 · one of two readings recorded this

change in whole-body ammonia breakdown

unclear, p = 0.09

Though not statistically different, the change in ammonia synthesis and breakdown was numerically higher (p = 0.09) in KHCO3 compared to PLA following energy restriction

PMID 29772642 · one of two readings recorded this

change in whole-body ammonia synthesis

unclear, p = 0.09

Though not statistically different, the change in ammonia synthesis and breakdown was numerically higher (p = 0.09) in KHCO3 compared to PLA following energy restriction

PMID 29772642 · one of two readings recorded this

dietary potential renal acid load (PRAL)

increases, p = 0.05

The PRAL of diet was greater (p < 0.05) during the energy restriction phase compared to that during the weight maintenance phase, independent of group

PMID 29772642 · one of two readings recorded this

whole-body ammonia and urea synthesis, breakdown and net balance, 15N-glycine end-product method

no effect, no significant difference between groups for change, n = 16

Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for whole-body ammonia or urea turnover

There was no significant difference between groups for change in whole-body ammonia or urea synthesis, breakdown, or net balance.

PMID 29772642 · one of two readings recorded this

whole-body ammonia and urea synthesis, breakdown, net balance after energy restriction

no effect

There was no significant difference between groups for change in whole-body ammonia or urea synthesis, breakdown, or net balance

PMID 29772642 · one of two readings recorded this

whole-body ammonia and urea synthesis, breakdown, net balance at weight maintenance

no effect

At the end of the weight maintenance run-in period, there were no significant differences in whole-body ammonia or urea synthesis, breakdown, or net balance in the two groups (Table 3)

PMID 29772642 · one of two readings recorded this

whole-body ammonia net balance

increases, p = 0.05

Overall, whole-body ammonia net balance was higher (p < 0.05) at the end of the energy restriction phase compared to the end of the weight maintenance phase in both groups

PMID 29772642 · one of two readings recorded this

whole-body ammonia synthesis and breakdown, urea synthesis, breakdown and net balance, energy restriction effect

no effect

No other significant energy restriction effect was observed for whole-body ammonia synthesis and breakdown or whole-body urea synthesis, breakdown, or net balance

PMID 29772642 · one of two readings recorded this

double leg press muscle power (primary outcome), watts

no effect, KHCO3 to placebo-KHCO3 difference -13.6 watts (95% CI: -39.6, 12.4), p = 0.3

Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node: peak-power-output is defined on a cycle ergometer Wingate test, not a double leg press

Neither WP nor KHCO3 affected muscle power compared with their respective placebo {WP to placebo-WP difference 4.7 watts [95% confidence interval (CI): -21.1,30.5; P = 0.72]; KHCO3 to placebo-KHCO3 difference -13.6 watts [95% CI: -39.6, 12.4; P = 0.30]}.

PMID 41780731 · one of two readings recorded this

double leg press muscle power

no effect, p = 0.3, n = 128

KHCO3 to placebo-KHCO3 difference -13.6 watts [95% CI: -39.6, 12.4; P = 0.30]

PMID 41780731 · one of two readings recorded this

double leg press muscle power

no effect, p = 0.72, n = 128

WP to placebo-WP difference 4.7 watts [95% confidence interval (CI): -21.1,30.5; P = 0.72]

PMID 41780731 · one of two readings recorded this

muscle mass (D3-creatine dilution) and lean mass by DXA, and physical performance

no effect

Not recorded as a finding: the only sentence is agentless and does not name KHCO3, and no between-group estimate is given; lean-mass node exists but the sentence does not support it on its own

No group differences were noted in physical performance or muscle mass.

PMID 41780731 · one of two readings recorded this

muscle mass (lean mass by DXA, D3-creatine dilution muscle mass)

no effect

No group differences were noted in physical performance or muscle mass

PMID 41780731 · one of two readings recorded this

physical performance

no effect

No group differences were noted in physical performance or muscle mass

PMID 41780731 · one of two readings recorded this

serum IGF-1

increases, p = 0.04, n = 128

KHCO3 to placebo-KHCO3 difference 7.2 ng/mL (95% CI: 0.4, 13.9; P = 0.04)

PMID 41780731 · one of two readings recorded this

serum IGF-1

increases, p = 0.01, n = 128

24-wk mean IGF-1 level was higher in the WP and KHCO3 groups compared with their respective placebo [WP to placebo-WP difference 14.2 ng/mL (95% CI: 7.5, 21.0; P < 0.01)

PMID 41780731 · one of two readings recorded this

acute urinary calcium excretion 3 h after a protein test meal with or without KHCO3

decreases, hypocalciuric effect of potassium, HP+K compared with HP, n = 10

Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

A hypocalciuric effect of potassium (HP+K compared with HP) but not of phosphate (MP compared with MP+Pi) was seen.

PMID 9129478 · one of two readings recorded this

calcium excretion, HP+K versus HP

decreases

A hypocalciuric effect of potassium (HP+K compared with HP) but not of phosphate (MP compared with MP+Pi) was seen

PMID 9129478 · one of two readings recorded this

calcium excretion, HP versus MP+Pi

increases

In study 2, calcium excretion was significantly higher with HP than with MP+Pi but not with MP at 3 h

PMID 9129478 · one of two readings recorded this

calcium excretion, HP versus MP

no effect

In study 2, calcium excretion was significantly higher with HP than with MP+Pi but not with MP at 3 h

PMID 9129478 · one of two readings recorded this

calcium excretion, MP versus MP+Pi

no effect

A hypocalciuric effect of potassium (HP+K compared with HP) but not of phosphate (MP compared with MP+Pi) was seen

PMID 9129478 · one of two readings recorded this

urinary calcium excretion peak timing

decreases

In study 1, the peak of calcium excretion was at 3 h for all treatments, except for HP+K, which indicated an acute hypocalciuric effect of potassium

PMID 9129478 · one of two readings recorded this

urinary calcium excretion

no effect

Unexpectedly, there was no hypercalciuric effect of adding sodium chloride, nor was urine sodium increased

PMID 9129478 · one of two readings recorded this